It is essential to comprehend the calculation and fabrication of trusses from profile pipes when constructing a robust roof. The fundamental structural support system of a roof is provided by trusses. Usually, materials like steel, wood, or in this case, profile pipes, are used to make them. These pipes, which are frequently made of steel, are strong and durable, which makes them perfect for building sturdy roof trusses.
Precise engineering is required to calculate trusses so that they can support the weight of the roof and endure environmental stresses like wind and snow. Because of their great load-bearing capacity and ease of customization, profile pipes are used in truss construction. Engineers use variables like roof span, anticipated loads, and local building codes to determine the pipe’s dimensions and spacing.
Trusses are made using profile pipes in a multi-step process. Initially, a comprehensive plan is created based on the design specifications. The precise dimensions and angles at which the pipes must be cut and welded together are specified in this plan. Strict quality standards are met by modern fabrication techniques, which guarantee accuracy and consistency in truss production.
Truss construction uses profile pipes, which are available in a range of sizes and shapes to allow for design flexibility without sacrificing structural integrity. Treatments to increase durability during the manufacturing process, like galvanization to stop corrosion, may be used. To ensure stability and longevity, each truss is painstakingly crafted to fit seamlessly into the overall roof structure.
Builders and engineers can design roofs that not only satisfy structural requirements but also enhance a building’s appearance and functionality by comprehending the calculation and fabrication of trusses from profile pipes. By using the proper materials and installation methods, roofs can be made to be strong and weather-resistant, offering long-lasting security and comfort.
| Calculation of Roof Trusses | Understanding how to calculate the dimensions and angles of roof trusses using profile pipes. |
| Manufacturing Techniques | Methods for constructing roof trusses from profile pipes, including cutting, welding, and assembly. |
This piece from "All about the Roof" delves into the crucial steps involved in planning and building roof trusses with profile pipes. We’ll go over the critical processes that go into figuring out the sizes and producing these trusses, emphasizing their efficiency and structural integrity. Readers will obtain useful insights into producing sturdy and dependable roof trusses for a range of construction projects by learning how to select the appropriate materials and dimensions as well as the important factors in the manufacturing process. Whether you’re a professional builder or a do-it-yourself enthusiast, this guide will give you the skills you need to approach roof construction with accuracy and confidence.
- Types of farms
- Features of structures
- Fundamentals of calculation
- We calculate the farm from a steel profile pipe
- Arched structures: an example of calculation
- Profile pipe for the installation of farms: calculation requirements
- Useful installation tips
- Video on the topic
- Fermat from a profile pipe with your own hands, without templates and conductors.
- Simple Calculation of the farm 7.5 meters
- Metal farm. Classic version.
Types of farms
Although the installation complexity of metal farms from pipelines varies, they are less expensive and lighter than structures made of continuous beams. In the transverse section, the round or cold-processed profiled pipe takes the shape of a rectangle, square, polyhedron, oval, semi-oval, or flat oval.
Farms are best mounted from square pipes for convenience.
A farm is a metal structure that consists of the grill that sits between the upper and lower belts.
The lattice’s components are as follows:
- Stand – located perpendicular to the axis;
- Satcusion (Subbroaches) – installed under an angle to the axis;
- Sprengel (auxiliary subtise).
The main purpose of farms is to overlap spans. Even when using long structures in structures with large spans, they do not deform because of the stiffness of the ribs.
Metal farms are made either on the ground or under production settings. The most common ways to join profile pipe components are with a welding machine or by riveting; pairings of materials can also be used.
The completed farms are raised and fastened to the upper binding in accordance with the markup in order to mount the frame of the canopy, visor, and capital roofs.
To block spans, metal farms have a variety of options.
The layout may be:
- single -shoe;
- gable;
- straight;
- arched.
Profile pipe triangle farms are utilized as rafters for a variety of purposes, such as the installation of a straightforward canopy with a single slope.
Arch-shaped metal structures are common because of their beautiful appearance. Arched structures, however, call for the most precise calculations because the load on the profile has to be evenly distributed.
Features of structures
The estimated operating loads determine which profile pipe, visor, or rafter system to use for the farms of canopies beneath the roof.
The quantity of belts varies:
- supports, the components of which form one plane;
- suspended structures, which include the upper and lower belt.
You can use farms with varying contours in construction:
- with a parallel belt (the easiest and most economical option is assembled from identical elements);
- single -sided triangular (each support node is characterized by increased rigidity, due to which the design withstands serious external loads, the material consumption of farms is small);
- polygonal (withstand loads from heavy flooring, but complex in installation);
- trapezoidal (similar in characteristics with polygonal farms, but this option is simpler in design);
- gable triangular (used for roofing with steep slopes, characterized by high material consumption, during installation there are many waste);
- segmental (suitable for structures with a translucent roof of polycarbonate, installation is complicated due to the need to make arched elements with perfect geometry for uniform distribution of loads).
Typical farms are classified into the following types based on the size of the angle of inclination:
- Angle from 22 to 30 degrees. Metal structure from a profile pipe for a canopy or other roof structure has a height ratio to a length of 1: 5.
- For spans of small and medium length, triangular farms from small cross -section pipes are most often used – they are light and at the same time hard;
- With a span length of more than 14 meters, the braces installed from top to bottom are used, and a panel of 150-250 cm long is attached to the upper belt to get a two-hand design with an even number of panels;
- For spans with a length of more than 20 meters, to eliminate the deflection of the farm, it is required to install a undergone structure connected by support columns.
It is also worthwhile to take a closer look at the Polonsso farm, which consists of two triangle systems connected by a puff. This allows for the removal of the need for long braces in medium panels, significantly lowering the structure’s overall weight.
Fundamentals of calculation
Prior to calculating the farm, you must determine the best roof configuration for the building’s dimensions and the ideal slope inclination and angle.
While considering all operational loads on the roof, such as precipitation, wind load, the weight of workers arranging and maintaining a canopy from a profile pipe or roof, and the installation and maintenance of equipment on the roof, it is also important to ascertain what kind of belt contours are appropriate for the chosen roof version.
The length and height of the metal structure must be ascertained in order to compute the farm from the profile pipe. The height is determined by the chosen circuit circuit and the ramp’s designed angle of slope, whereas the length indicates the distance that the structure should overlap.
Finding the ideal distances between the farm nodes is the main goal of the canopy calculation. To do this, the profile pipe calculation and the load on the metal structure must be determined.
People’s lives and health are at risk from improperly calculated roof frames because weak or insufficiently rigid metal structures may not be able to support the weight and may collapse.
As such, it’s best to leave the computation of a metal farm to experts who are knowledgeable about specialized software.
In the event that it is decided to complete the computations on its own, reference data—such as the pipe’s resistance to bending—must be used and SNiP must serve as guidance.
It is advised to locate an example of calculating the standard farm of the intended configuration and enter the required values into the formula as it is challenging to calculate the design without the necessary knowledge.
A farm from a profile pipe is drawn during the design phase. Metal structure manufacturing will be streamlined and expedited with prepared drawings that show the dimensions of every component.
We calculate the farm from a steel profile pipe
Think about how to accurately compute the metal structure to accomplish a canopy or a roof frame from a profile pipe.
There are various phases involved in project preparation:
- The size of the construction of the building that needs to be blocked is determined, the shape of the roof is selected and the optimal angle of inclination of the slope (or slopes) is selected.
- Suitable contours of metal structures are selected, taking into account the purpose of the building, shape and size of the roof, angle of inclination, estimated loads.
- Having calculated the approximate dimensions of the farm, it should be determined whether it is possible to make metal structures in the factory and deliver them to the object by vehicles, or welding of farms from the profile pipe will be performed directly at the construction site due to the large length and height of the structures.
- Next, it is required to calculate the dimensions of the panels, based on the indicators of loads during the operation of the roof – permanent and periodic.
- To determine the optimal height of the structure in the middle of the span (H), the following formulas are used, where L is the length of the farm:
- for parallel, polygonal and trapezoidal zones: H = 1/8 × L, while the slope of the upper belt is reported to be approximately 1/8 × l or 1/12 × l;
- For triangular metal structures: H = 1/4 × l or H = 1/5 × L.
- The angle of installation of the lattice brackets is from 35 ° to 50 °, the recommended value of 45 °.
- At the next stage, the distance between the nodes should be determined (usually it corresponds to the width of the panel). If the span length exceeds 36 meters, the calculation of the construction lift is required – back the extinguished bend, which affects the metal structure at loads.
- On the basis of measurements and calculations, a scheme is prepared, according to which the manufacture of farms from a profile pipe will be carried out.
A construction calculator is a suitable special program that can be used to ensure the necessary accuracy of calculations. Thus, you can contrast your calculations with those made by the software to avoid a significant size discrepancy!
Arched structures: an example of calculation
In order to properly calculate the structure, you can use a profile pipe to cook a farm for an arch-shaped canopy. Examine the calculation principles using the following example: the proposed structure has a 6 meter span between support structures, a 1.05 meter step between arches, and a 1.5 meter height. This type of arched farm is both aesthetically pleasing and strong enough to support large loads.
In this instance, the radius of the circle in the lower belt will be 4.1 meters (R), and the length of the arrow in the lower level of the arched farm is 1.3 meters (F). The angle between the radii’s size is a = 105.9776 °.
The following formula is used to determine the length of the profile (MN) for the lower belt:
Mn is equal to π × r × α/180.
MN: the profile’s length measured from the lower belt;
Π is the constant (3.14);
R is the circle’s radius;
The angle between the radii is denoted by α.
Consequently, we obtain:
MN = 7.58 m = 3.14 × 4.1 × 106/180
The structure’s nodes are spread across sections of the lower belt with a step of 55.1 cm. To make the structure’s assembly process easier, the value may be rounded to a maximum of 55 cm, but this should not be done. It is necessary to compute each of the extreme areas’ distances separately.
If the span length is less than 6 meters, you can fold a metal element under the chosen radius using a single or double beam rather than welding intricate metal structures. In this instance, arched farm calculations are not necessary, but selecting the appropriate material section is crucial to the structure’s ability to support the weight.
Profile pipe for the installation of farms: calculation requirements
The pipeline for the manufacture of farms is chosen based on the following criteria in order for the completed structures of the ceilings, especially the large-sized ones, to withstand the strength test throughout the entire service life:
- SNiP 07-85 (interaction of snow load and weight of structural elements);
- SNiP P-23-81 (on the principles of work with steel profiled pipes);
- GOST 30245 (compliance of the cross section of profile pipes and wall thickness).
The information gathered from these sources will enable you to become acquainted with the various kinds of profile pipes and select the most suitable one, considering the cross-sectional configuration, element wall thickness, and farm design elements.
It is advised to construct farms using premium pipeline, and for arched structures, alloy steel is the better choice. A high percentage of carbon must be present in the alloy for metal structures to be resistant to corrosion. Alloy steel metal structures don’t require extra protective coating.
Useful installation tips
If you know how to build a lattice farm, you can install a sturdy frame for a clear roof or canopy.
However, it’s crucial to take into account a few subtleties:
- The most durable structures are mounted from a metal profile with a cross section in the form of a square or rectangle due to the presence of two ribs of stiffness.
- The main components of the metal structures are attached to each other using paired corners and tacks.
- When connecting the details of the frame in the upper belt, it is necessary to use the double -barrel versatile corners, while the smaller side should be connected.
- The conjugation of parts of the lower belt is attached to the installation of equilateral corners.
- Joining the main parts of the metal structures of a large length, the overhead plates are used.
If the metal structure needs to be put together right there at the construction site, it’s important to think about how one would cook a farm from a profile pipe. It is advised to invite a welder with professional equipment if you lack welding skills.
Racks for metal structures are positioned at right angles, and braces are set 45 degrees incline. In the initial step, we cut the profile pipe’s components to match the size specified in the drawing. Gather the Earth’s primary structure and examine its geometry. Next, we use corners and overhead plates as needed to cook the gathered frame.
Make sure to assess each welded seam’s strength.
The precision and quality of the elements, as well as their bearing capacity, determine the cooked metal structures’ strength and dependability. Ready farms are lifted up and fastened to the strapping while adhering to the project’s installation procedure.
Making trusses out of profile pipes is a useful and affordable way to build sturdy roofs. Trusses can be custom-designed to meet specific building requirements by utilizing profile pipes, which are usually made of steel. Precise computations are needed to guarantee that the trusses can adequately support the weight of the roof.
The first step in calculating trusses is figuring out how long the roof is and how much weight it must support—such as wind or snow loads. The necessary profile pipe dimensions and the angles at which they must be cut and welded to create the truss structure are then determined by engineers. The careful planning guarantees that the roof will be sturdy and stable in a variety of situations.
Trusses are made from profile pipes, which requires expert welding and assembly. To create the triangular truss shapes, the pipes are cut to the calculated dimensions and then welded together. Compared to traditional timber trusses, this method reduces labor costs and construction time by enabling quick and efficient on-site construction.
In addition, profile pipe trusses have advantages in terms of longevity and toughness. Because steel profile pipes don’t rust or corrode, they can be used for an extended period of time in a variety of weather situations. Over the roof’s lifetime, less maintenance will be needed because of its durability.
In conclusion, truss manufacturing and calculation using profile pipes provides a contemporary way to build sturdy roofs. This process creates dependable structures that satisfy both functional and financial needs by fusing the strength of steel with exact engineering calculations. Profile pipe trusses offer a cost-effective and long-lasting roofing option for buildings, whether they are residential, commercial, or industrial.
