Flat roofing on wooden beams

A traditional method of combining traditional craftsmanship and durability is flat roofing supported by wooden beams. Because of its practicality and aesthetic appeal, this roofing style is preferred, especially for residential and small-scale commercial buildings. The simplicity and dependability of wooden beams, which have been used in construction for centuries, serve as the basis for flat roofs.

The structural foundation of flat roofing systems is made up of wooden beams, which offer a sturdy framework that can withstand weather and support the weight of the roof. These beams are positioned carefully to ensure stability and longevity by distributing the load across the building structure in an equal manner. They also permit design flexibility, taking into account different roof sizes and shapes.

The affordability of flat roofing on wooden beams in comparison to other roofing techniques is one of its main benefits. Wooden materials are a sensible option for projects on a tight budget because they are frequently affordable and easily accessible. In addition, the construction process is rather simple, which saves labor expenses and time.

Modern developments have improved the performance of flat roofing on wooden beams, despite its traditional roots. Superior protection against leaks and weather damage is ensured by improved waterproofing materials and techniques, which also prolong the roof’s lifespan and require less maintenance.

Flat roof on wooden beams: structural options and features of their device

In the construction of industrial facilities and urban high-rise buildings, reinforced concrete slabs are typically used as the foundation for flat roofs. Yet, this kind of decision is typically unsuitable for private homes, particularly those that are wooden and frame. In this instance, wooden beams support a flat roof. Its light weight lessens the strain on the foundation and walls, which is its main benefit. When compared to heavy g/b plates, the device of such a roof is simpler and less expensive. It also functions in the same way. For this reason, people who wish to construct their own flat roof frequently go for this type.

For which buildings, flat roofs on beams are suitable?

The majority of these roofs are found on private homes and cottages, whose owners place a high emphasis on practicality, convenience, and futuristic design. Nevertheless, on the intersection of garages, balconies, terraces, and verandas. Since most of these structures are made of wood or frames, light roof designs are necessary. However, this is not a requirement. Any material can be used for walls, including foam concrete, aerated concrete, and brick. In this instance, wooden beams are frequently cut into a Mauerlat, which is a wooden beam that surrounds the walls and is fastened to them with studs or anchor bolts.

Developers find flat roofing particularly appealing since its horizontal surface can be turned into a useful space. Furthermore, the roof, which has wooden beams at its base, is also capable of this.

Naturally, it is not worthwhile to use the released meters for parking lots, pools, or tennis courts. However, such undertakings need a more substantial foundation. However, a wooden beam-supported home greenhouse, open terrace, or observation deck will easily withstand. Making accurate calculations is crucial; scrimping on lumber thickness is not an option.

Types of flat roofs on beams

You can construct the following kinds of flat roofs on wooden floors:

That is, all potential species, unrestricted.

Unexplowned roof: standard, with a final coating applied for waterproofing. It does not have any other objectives; its sole purpose is to safeguard the property from the elements. It is not possible to install patio furniture and flowerpots with flowers, move large companies into it, or use it as a resting area. Such a roof’s coating is made so that one or two persons will occasionally climb up to it to service the building alone.

Operated roof: Already more challenging and fascinating. Such a roof serves as an extra helpful space for the homeowner in addition to its direct protective purposes. Instead of finishing with waterproofing, which is prone to damage, the structure is covered in a protective layer such as gravel or paving stones, decking, hardwood flooring, paving slabs, turf layer, or gravel.

Inversion roof: a qualitatively distinct, roofing-out-free option. able to function both promoted and unpromoted. Its feature is a pie-layering process that is reversed. In an inversion roof, the insulation is placed below the waterproofing, as opposed to a conventional roof where the opposite is true. Insulation is covered by waterproofing, and the vapor barrier is typically not part of the pie’s structure. As a result, the waterproofing is shielded from the street environment and has an extended operational life.

Unfortunately, the insulation proves to be inadequate in the presence of unfavorable street conditions; as a result, there is limited selection for this kind of isolation in the construction of inversion roofs. Nothing but ectruded polystyrene foam, or EPPS! This material is stronger, denser, and absorbs almost no water. Inversion roofs have a layer of sod, paving stones, washed gravel, or paving slabs placed on top of the EPS.

Green roofs are an intriguing alternative for roofs that are operated, including inversions. You can hold her on wooden beams as well. The soil layer where plants are planted marks the end of the pie in this type of roof. Other components, such as the filtration layer (geotextiles) and drainage layer (gravel, expanded clay, chopped pumice, or geomata), are not utilized for other kinds of roofs.

A frame of flat roof on a wooden base

The wooden beams that are laid down in the roofs described form their framework. Full-sized wooden lumber or glued parts of multiple elements can be utilized. Beams are typically composed of boards with a 100 x 150 mm section.

The walls are supported by beams, just like multistory floors are. The beams are supported by the upper strapping or the upper crown of the logs if the construction is made of wood or a frame. In the event of brick or block, on pre-fixed Mauerlat. A beam with a cross section of 150 x 150 mm or 150 x 100 mm is typically used as a Mauerlat. It is fixed with stilettos or anchors on the upper belt of the walls. One or two layers of waterproofing (roofing material) are placed between the wooden Mauerlat to shield it from the wall material.

Drinks under the Mauerlat are prepared on the beams, which are then positioned and fastened with nails or metal corners. The distance between beams can withstand 50–120 mm, contingent on the estimated load.

As you install beams, make sure that the roof slopes from 1 to 6 degrees. Even though the roof is referred to as flat, it is not entirely horizontal. In order to ensure that water moves to the drain and avoid stagnation, a slight slope is required.

Use the following techniques to create the necessary slope:

1. Immediately lay the beams with the desired slope. Then, if a horizontal ceiling is assumed under the roof in the room, it is made suspended or sewn on a horizontal crate.
2. Put the beams horizontally, and to endure the required angle, nail the different -high wooden overlays to them.
3. Put the beams horizontally, and form the angle due to different thicknesses of thermal insulation laid on top of the frame.
4. Use beams with unequal height allowance.

The first option is most frequently used, meaning beams with a slope are laid right away. Fixing a strong run from a bar or board that raises the frame (beam) on one side along the top of the carrier wall is the simplest way to accomplish this. Short radial beams that originate from the central double diagonal beam can also be installed in place of a transverse run.

Flat roof pie: what"s inside?

A pie with flat roofs on a wooden frame may have an alternative design. Numerous design options are available, many of which are available online. They’ll all function, too!

Option 1: Insulating the roof above the beams

It is possible to install flat roof insulating layers on top of the beams. For instance, a tried-and-true solution (a traditional roof with insulation):

• overlap beams;
• crate (if necessary);
• continuous sheathing from plywood, CSP, OSP;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation – epx, mineral wool;
• waterproofing material – polymer membrane.

The use of geotextiles or glass wool as a separation layer is required when utilizing EPPS and PVC membrane insulation in the same structure. The truth is that these two substances are incompatible, and PVC is ruined when they come into direct contact.

The polymer membrane is either loaded with ballast or fixed to the insulation mechanically. Ballast is made of soil for green roof operations, crushed stone or gravel for all types of roofs, and paving stones for roofs that are exploited. However, it is prudent to consider the wooden frame’s maximum load capacity and dependability when selecting ballast.

The above scheme is modified if a melting waterproofing or an EPDM membrane with adhesive fixation is to be used as a finish coating. It entails placing plywood, OSP, or CSP sheets between the waterproofing and the heater.

As it happens, this scheme:

• overlap beams;
• crate (if necessary);
• continuous sheathing from plywood, CSP, OSP;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation – epx, mineral wool;
• sheets of plywood, OSP, CSP;
• waterproofing material.

Since installing a swimming roof typically calls for the use of a gas burner, it is not permitted on wooden structures per current fire regulations. They behave in this way as a result. The first waterproofing layer is nailed or glued to a wooden foundation, and the second layer is, appropriately, saved. Using the euro-rubled with a unique adhesive base is also convenient; however, cold installation without burner heating is advised for this use.

In this video tutorial, the installation of a membrane roof on a wooden base is demonstrated:

Option 2: Installing roofing

Installing insulation in the interbal space is a further component of the flat roof pie assembly process. If a melting roof or an EPDM membrane with adhesive fixation is utilized for waterproofing, this option is more practical than the first.

Such a roofing pattern is employed frequently:

• overlap beams;
• vapor barrier (between beams);
• insulation (between beams);
• crate (if necessary);
• continuous sheathing from plywood, CSP, OSP;
• waterproofing.

Classic pitched roofs are formed, in theory, using a similar system.

Option #3: Insulating the inside of the roof

In this instance, waterproofing is applied to the plywood, OSP, or CSP sheets that have been sewn onto the beams that support the structure. From the side of the room, the remaining insulating layers of the roof pie are sewn.

A 40-centimeter-step set of black ceiling strips are screwed to the beams, which are fixed in a perpendicular manner to the bearing beams. The ceiling is made of boards or sheet materials. Placed polystyrene stoves in between the strips and adhered with mastic or glue. The insulating layer is sewn to a vapor barrier film. Put a clean ceiling on top of the insulating pie.

Diagram of the design, top to bottom:

• waterproofing;
• continuous crate from sheet materials;
• beams;
• black ceiling;
• insulation;
• vapor barrier film;
• finishing ceiling.

This is how the approximate scheme will appear:

Option #4: A roof inverted on beams

Additionally, you can construct an inversion roof on beams in defiance of all "traditional" solutions. Its service life is greatly extended since the waterproofing will be covered by the insulation, protecting it from loads, oxygen, UV rays, and precipitation.

The following plan can be applied when constructing an inversion roof (from the bottom up):

• beams;
• continuous crate;
• waterproofing;
• separation layer (when used as waterproofing of the PVC membrane);
• EPPS insulation;
• The separation layer – geotextiles;
• ballast, paving slabs, decking, etc.P.

The green roof device is frequently based on the inversion roof principle. As an illustration, you can do this:

What finish to use?

Along with its benefits, a flat roof’s wooden foundation has characteristics that start with the letter "Minus." When compared to reinforced concrete plates, this has a lower bearing capacity and a higher fire risk.

It is preferable to waterproof such a roof using materials that don’t need to be installed hot. Polymer membranes are ideal. In selecting the melted bitumen-polymer coatings (from a range of euro-rubles), the first layer is mechanically mounted, while the second layer is mounted using a technique. It is advised to use non-combustible TSP plates as a continuous skin (on which waterproofing is laid) to reduce the likelihood of fire structures during installation.

It should be kept in mind when designing and ballasting roofs that an excessive load on a wooden base can be lethal. Therefore, light materials such as decking, deck boards, rubber paving slabs (rubber mats), etc. should be chosen for the finish coating if the bearing capacity of the used beams is low.

The flat roof on the beams can serve as both a great shield against bad weather and an excellent source of protection if all the necessary calculations and roof pie selections are made. All you want to do is!

How the wooden beams support the flat roof. characteristics of the roofing pie device, construction guidelines, and subtleties. Schemes and examples in visual form.

For many buildings, flat roofing with wooden beam support provides a traditional but long-lasting solution. This technique offers stability and ease of construction by fusing the inherent strength of wood with the adaptability of flat roof designs. This article seeks to demystify the process of installing and maintaining flat roofs on wooden beams, making it understandable for both homeowners and builders, by examining the materials, construction methods, and maintenance considerations."

Operated flat roof – terrace.

Operated flat roof – terrace.

How often does an opportunity present itself for the developer to turn a technical room or the flat roof of a garage that is attached to the house into an open terrace? One of the trickiest parts, in terms of both construction and design, is the terrace situated atop a flat roof above the heated room that is operated. This article will discuss how to set up an open, ventilated terrace over a heated room along wooden ceiling beams on a functional flat roof.

Terraces are a basic requirement for the design of flat operated roofs.

1. The terrace above the attached heated room should be situated outside the main building’s perimeter, with a flat, ventilated roof. The terraces inside the main building’s contour may only be partially embedded in the flat roof, to a maximum depth of one meter, in accordance with Norwegian construction standards. To ensure that enough air is passing through the ventilation gap in every area, this condition must be met.

2. A double crate is used to create a ventilation gap when installing a flat roof or terrace. Ventilation holes must be installed in the terraces on the exposed sides of the ventilated flat roof. Enough air must get through in order to eliminate surplus moisture from the insulation.

3. A flat operated roof’s design should prevent moisture from precipitation from entering the ceiling through the terrace. Special wind- and hydraulic protection membranes are required for this, but they shouldn’t obstruct the insulation’s ability to release steam. For flooring beneath a flat roof’s waterproof covering, such as floor terraces, moisture-resistant materials such as OSB-3 class plates are required.

4. In situations where there is a risk of significant snowmelt on terraces, it is imperative to incorporate an internal drainage system within the overlap structure. Hinged gutter and wall drain pipes can be used in southern regions where there is little to no snowfall. This is also applicable in situations where the terrace is open beneath a shared roof or where the thermal insulation layer is at least 250 mm thick.

5. The terrace’s floor level should be about 50 mm below that of the corresponding floor inside the house when the flat roof is in operation.

Terraces are the exploited flat roof’s supporting architecture.

The overlap that forms the foundation of a terrace or flat roof is made up of wooden beams that have a cross section that satisfies strength and stiffness requirements. When the ceiling is assembled, the moisture content in the bearing beams shouldn’t be higher than 15%. We provide the following wood moisture content values as a point of reference: room-dry (8–12% humidity), air-drying artificial drying (12–18%), atmospheric dry (18–23%), and wet (humidity greater than 23%). When drvisins are sold with a moisture content of "natural," it indicates a humidity level of more than 23% (up to 80–90%).

When calculating the overlap of a flat roof, it is necessary to build on the minimum possible height of the beams that make up the supporting frame of the terrace. The use of floors of the flat roof of beams for beams with a minimum possible height is necessary in order to reduce the floor level by about 50 mm in relation to the floor of the corresponding floor inside the house. To increase the bearing capacity of the overlap, you can reduce the step of the bearing beams (more efficiently) or increase the width of the beams (less efficiently). When choosing a cross section of the load -bearing beams of the floor of the flat exploited roof – the terraces must be remembered that the height of the beam should be equal to the calculated thickness of the heat -insulating layer.

Paul ran terraces with a flat roof.

The above figure depicts the primary structural components of a flat roof terrace situated beneath a continuous flooring. For subflooring beneath a waterproof flooring, moisture-resistant materials such as OSB-3 class plates are required. You can use roofing material, rolled galvanized steel sheets, and other comparable materials as a waterproof flooring.

To protect the waterproof coating from mechanical damage, shields from impregnated (impregnated with an antiseptic under pressure in the factory) of wooden boards are used. The width of the mounting block should be at least 73 mm. There should not be sharp faces facing the waterproof coating on the mounting bar. Before installing wooden shields, an additional gasket is laid under the mounting block to protect the waterproof coating. Wooden shields are laid so that they do not interfere with the outflow of rainwater. It is not necessary to fix the wooden shields to the beams of the ceiling, they should be easily removable in order to ensure the possibility of cleaning. The design of the sexual flooring of a flat roof – the terraces can be viewed in the figure below:

Terraces with fencing around the exploited flat roof

A flat roof terrace’s fence should be constructed so that falling through it or getting stuck in it won’t harm an adult’s or child’s health.

It is recommended that the fence height be at least 1 meter if the terrace, which is the exploited flat roof, is situated at an elevation greater than 0.5 meters above ground level. Measuring the fence’s height starts at the topmost tier of wooden shields.

Fencing rack fastening must be robust enough to support the estimated 0.4 kN/m horizontal load. 2. The handrail of balconies in SP 20.13330.2011 "Loads and influences" (Russia) and DBN in.1.2-2-2006 "Navantazhennya I Velivi" (Ukraine) have normative values of horizontal loads installed at 0.3 kN/m. P. The fence racks’ step should not be greater than 1.2 meters.

Filling is done either vertically or horizontally in between the fence’s racks on the exploited flat roof. The vertical elements of the fence should be no more than 100 mm apart to prevent kids from tripping over the terrace’s fencing. The spacing between its horizontal components should not be greater than 20 mm in order to prevent kids from climbing onto the fence.

To ensure horizontal rigidity and strength of the fencing of the exploited flat roof – terraces, a massive handrail is mounted on top of the racks. In places of corner compounds, the handrail is collected with the help of metal corners or plywood overlays in such a way that outwardly this is imperceptibly. The fencing of the terrace should be rigidly fixed to the outer wall. The fence racks are attached to the outside of the flat roof-the terraces so as not to damage the wind-, the hydraulic protection membrane. If you fix the fence of the exploited flat roof – the terrace is impossible to the wall, or its length is from 8 to 10 m, then before choosing the cross -section of the racks and type of fastening, it is necessary to conduct a detailed calculation taking into account the current moments and loads.

Flat roof structure: advantages

Many people believe that a city high-rise building’s flat roof is an essential component. In actuality, country homes tend to have flat roofs.

There are a lot of new technologies and building materials available today. They grant you permission to construct individual homes featuring a flat roof. However, future construction is completely unaffected by the climate in our nation.

Benefits of a flat roof structure

More recently, designs and details that were too costly for a flat roof have been found. They also had limited functionality and were unreliable. This was obviously not a benefit for flat roofs, and private developers frequently declined to construct such a roof.

But if you judge things impartially, you can select the component that best suits you out of all the options. It ought to be the most trustworthy and suitable. This will assist in preventing errors in the future.

According to construction statistics, there is a renewed interest in constructivist-inspired buildings today. Remember that these are only the specifics and basic forms. Customers start to change their original plans in light of these circumstances, already leaning toward a flat roof. Keep in mind that the layout of flat-covered houses in Europe follows a certain construction style. They think that a house with a slope-free roof looks amazing.

Many customers had negative things to say about the flat roof more recently. Some thought it was unappealing, some were afraid of a lot of snowfall, and still others thought installing a flat roof would be too expensive.

Nonetheless, professionals have long noted a number of clear benefits to structures with this design:

1. A flat roof in a private house most often acts as a green recreation area.
2. Significant savings on materials – this is due to the fact that the area of ​​the flat coating is less than the area of ​​the nickname. It should be noted that they have the same architectural basis.
3. The process of laying a flat roof is much easier. At the same time, in the first case, you carry out the installation of the coating under your feet, while on the pitched roof – at a high altitude.
4. Serving flat roofs – not associated with extreme climbing classes. This is a completely ordinary procedure.

It’s also important to remember that the flat roof’s design calls for acquiring more space. In this instance, the structure’s contour is not widened.

Keep in mind that megacities tend to have more flat roofs in developed nations. This is because environmental issues are becoming more and more prominent. Raising the components of lawns, parks, gardens, and gardens, as they say, "from the Earth to the clouds," is common in these circumstances. Remember that if you want a flat roof, you must choose sturdy, contemporary building materials and have it installed correctly.

The components and layout of flat roof designs

The main component of a flat roof is the bearing base. The base is made of metal sheets from the profile or reinforced concrete slabs. Material for thermal insulation is placed on the bottom. A layer of vapor barrier is where it is fastened. He too needs to have a waterproofing layer covering him.

For a flat roof, each component of a roofing pie has equal importance. Therefore, if any one of them is deemed inappropriate, the entire structure will deteriorate. An integrated approach serves as the cornerstone of flat roof installation work. It has to do with the necessity of identifying the kind of coating and then putting the most beneficial solution into action.

Simultaneously, all operational and technological properties must be taken into account:

• Fire resistance;
• Water resistance;
• Simplicity of service;
• Labor costs during arrangement;
• Aesthetic qualities.

The selection of fastening techniques and components, as well as the sealing of seams, merit separate attention. Additionally, the coating’s technological nodes—connections with parapets and pipes, plums, angles, and superstructures—need to be qualitatively equipped. Lastly, you have to pass through the holes. It is advisable to install component structures made of stable and shock-resistant materials when installing a flat roof. They’ll guard your roof from harm while they’re working. Furthermore, materials resistant to corrosion processes and UF-rays are essential in today’s world. In the event that a component is removed from the system, there could be irreversible effects.

Glue and fix or just lay, depending on the type of waterproofing you have. Be mindful of the installation technique and the mounts’ quality. Materials that are installed with a mechanical mount at the base of the roof require extra caution.

Unwanted outcomes may result from breaking any of the roofing installation guidelines.

• Strong gusts of winds can tear the coating for a flat roof and waterproofing.
• The basis may lose its bearing capacity due to electrochemical corrosion. This is due to the errors of the selection of self -tapping screw and profiled sheet.
• A clogged or frozen funnel may form – the roof will be filled with moisture and leaks will occur.

What makes up the roofing "pie" is as follows:

Wooden beams supporting a flat roof and its insulation

A flat roof’s supporting plate is called a carrying plate. It is constructed from metal profiles or monolithic reinforced concrete. Vapor barrier material covers the upper layer of the plate. It shields the insulation from the impact of water vapor. As a result, the material does not swell and keeps all of its original properties. Installing thermal insulation is the next step. Additionally, a waterproofing carpet is placed over it to shield the material from the effects of the atmosphere.

For a flat roof, thermal insulation systems with one and two layer are provided, installed on the beams of wood overlap. Today, a two -layer system has become widespread. The principle of its operation: the main function is diverted by the lower layer with a thickness of 70 to 200 mm, taking into account wooden trims and their size. The function of the upper layer (from 30 to 50 mm) includes the redistribution of mechanical loads. Note that the second layer is much stronger and denser than the first. The wooden flat roof does not accidentally have such a distribution – this significantly reduces its weight and, therefore, the load on the ceiling.

Conditions for insulating

• Lack of thermal conductivity and moisture absorption;
• Fire safety.
• High vapor permeability.
• Mechanical stress resistance.
• High characteristics of compression and disconnection.

Particular importance should be attached to the free exit of wet vapors from the roofing. Under these conditions, a large role is given to ventilation accessories. As you know, water vapor is formed inside the building. Due to the convective process and diffusion, it rises up. Having met with chilled air – it begins condensation in space under the roof. This process is especially relevant in winter. At the same time, it negatively affects roofing elements – wooden and metal. With excessive accumulation of condensate – the ceiling is covered with wet spots and mold. But that is not all. Among other things, moisture accumulates in thermal insulation material and worsens its properties. This, in turn, increases financial costs for heating rooms of a country house. It is possible to eliminate such situations in only one way – you need to remove moisture outside the house.

Roof fans, or aerators, are specialized roofing components made to carry out this function. These are a variety of diameters of plastic (metal) pipes. They have unique caps on that look like umbrellas. The pressure differential brought on by the movements of air masses is related to the aerator’s work. The aerator extracts moisture vapors from under the roofing because of its special design. In addition, there is absolutely no damage to the design itself.

There are aerators on all kinds of flat roofs. The latter are situated at the highest points of the roofing plane, distributed uniformly across the whole surface. Roof aerators are also located at the locations where thermal insulation plates connect. These components are typically installed concurrently with the roof’s configuration. The price of ventilation may rise dramatically if this is not done.

There are numerous components that make up the flat roof device. The materials used to roof a flat roof have an impact on them. For instance, in the West, natural smoke removal devices are typically installed on roofs. This enables people who are not in danger of a fire to exit the building.

1. The reliability of the roof is associated with its slope. You will not find completely flat roofs anywhere, because a certain slope to drain the water. Flat roofs have their percentage for such a slope.

Therefore, equipping a roof with a slope of less than 2% is not advised. The roof flat’s 2.5% slope is the best choice. In this instance, the design quickly eliminates water. The flat roof roofing materials are functioning in a more comfortable manner in this instance. It should be mentioned that the slope won’t be harmed even if there is a tiny flaw.

The computation based on the placement and quantity of these components is done in compliance with the guidelines for building design. In addition, consideration must be given to the specifications for building home sewers and drains. The amount of precipitation, the architecture, and the operational conditions all have an impact on the number of funnels. There’s a funnel and an additional special filter. One of his responsibilities is to shield the drain from foreign objects. Special thermal cables prevent the water that falls into the stock from freezing. You can use the drain in any season as a result.

The outer drain removes water from the flat roof. This is because it typically only functions on the flat roofs of sizable industrial complexes. Overflowing windows, which are positioned in the parapet alongside the stormwriters, symbolize the outer drain. Thermal cables that regulate themselves are another essential component. Wintertime is a better time to use it because stormy and overflow windows are frequently icy.

Consider the design material carefully when selecting a drainage system. In contrast to metal products, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) products are essentially not frosting.

The benefits of a flat roof design often portray it as a necessary component of urban high-rise architecture. In actuality, country homes tend to have flat roofs.

DIY flat roof house – device options

Houses with a flat roof – options and projects

Low-rise housing projects with flat roofs have gained popularity recently. These unusual buildings, on which you can install a viewing platform or even divide a true hanging garden, draw the attention of architects and developers. It goes without saying that reality is always more intricate than theory.

Numerous concerns are brought up by the flat roof’s design, including how much it will cost, what materials should be used for waterproofing and insulation, how to organize water flow, and how to maintain and operate the roof. It’s difficult to find the answers to them. The reality is that domestic under-line construction companies that work in the cottage and country construction fields are well-versed in the most sought-after design, a napal. However, they typically lack the experience necessary to construct flat roofs that are arranged entirely differently.

Which roof will come out cheaper?

The area of the flat roof is immediately smaller than the pitched area, requiring fewer materials and resulting in a lower cost of work than the alternative. This assertion, however, is only accurate in areas with a warm climate and little snowfall—and only in the case of nonexplosive roofs. In Russia’s middle lane, relatively costly engineering solutions are required to guarantee the horizontal roof’s dependability and durability.

It turns out that a 1-meter-square flat concrete or steel base, whose bearing capacity can support the weight of the snow cover, is two to three times more expensive than a pitched roof with wooden beams. Because a more costly, high-density material is needed for a flat roof, the variation in the volumetric flow rate of the insulation is leveled. While modern polymer membranes offer the best waterproofing for horizontal roofs, they are not as affordable as flexible tiles, sometimes costing significantly more. Nevertheless, there is still hope for cost savings in roofing.

Installing snow retainers is not required, but a roofing hatch and drainage system are essential. You will ultimately be responsible for paying for the need to repair the roof every ten to fifteen years if you attempt to lower the estimate’s costs.

Lastly, it should be mentioned that only modern houses with intricate decoration using the newest facade materials and a sizable amount of glazing are suitable for flat roofs. Then, another won’t be very expensive.

Flattened roof

Prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete plates are typically used for flat roofing in low-rise residential construction.

Reinforced concrete slabs (PB, hollow PC, PV, etc.) are able to block the flight up to 9 m long and maintain a pressure of 8, 9 or 12.5 kPa (this value is indicated by the last number in the marking of the product). They can serve as a “base” for any roofing pies, including with the top layer of paving slabs or fertile soil. However, for the installation of the structure, it will be necessary to ensure the arrival of the autocrane section (while steel beams and the flooring are easy to raise with the help of winches). The depth of the ceiling on the wall depends on the material of the latter – for example, for brick, this parameter should be equal to the thickness of the plate. Before starting the installation of the roof, it is important to close the joints of the elements with a solution and additionally glue with an elastic polymer tape. Monolithic reinforced concrete is erected from heavy concrete with the help of removable (for example, from OSP plates on racks-lakes) or non-shaped (from corrugated board) formwork. It is reinforced with a two- or four-year-old welded frame of rods with a diameter of 12 mm. The dimensions of the monolithic slab are not regulated (unlike the national team), which provides the architect freedom when designing the building; Other pluses – the integrity of the seams, the comparative simplicity of the device of passage components (chimney, ventilations) and the increased bearing capacity (subject to technological regulations).

Beam ceiling

In principle, when erecting an overlap, you can use a combination of beams (wooden, steel) and carrying corrugated board. However, experts do not recommend the use of wooden beams (with the exception of the 200 * 100 mm with a cross section made from the LVL brus) in regions where the snow cover pressure exceeds 1.2 kPa (about 120 kgs/m 2)-that is, for most of the Russian Federation. Roofing from steel double -barrels and corrugated board with a wave height of 60 mm and wall thickness from 0.7 mm allows you to block the flight up to 12 m and withstands a pressure of at least 6 kPa. But in general, it is less durable than concrete, and is relatively rarely used in individual construction. It is more reasonable to use corrugated board as an inconspicuous formwork, which, incidentally, does not cancel the need to build a reinforcing cage.

Types of a flat roof

Because attics incur additional costs and deviate from the house’s architectural proportions, non-shallow flat roofs are more popular in the low-rise sector. Thus the roof should provide protection from the summer heat and the winter cold. Simultaneously, the heat-insulating layer of flat roofs is typically found on top of the supporting structure (in pitched roofs, it is typically situated between the rafters). The service life of the ceiling will be shortened if the room is heated from below because the dew point may move into the thickness of the ceiling.

Special requirements apply to flat roof thermal insulation. In addition to having a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, the material should be able to withstand both localized mechanical loads that arise during installation and distributed loads that come from equipment, snow, and the layers of the roof pie above. It’s also critical that the material be non-combustible and possess hydrophobic qualities. Thermal insulation can currently be installed in a number of ways, including free styling, adhesive, and mechanical fasteners. One-layer insulation is becoming a more and more common option in addition to the conventional two-layer method.

There are a plethora of options available for the roof’s performance. Let’s just sum up by saying that the only joint venture 17.13330.2011 that displays more than 40 "recipes" Manufacturers of insulation and coatings are also providing an increasing number of engineering solutions. They always, however, have as their foundation either the traditional or the inverted scheme.

Traditional structure of a flat roof In general terms, this: a vapor barrier film is laid on top of the supporting base (polypropylene, polyethylene, 6-orch-polymer), then a heater follows, for example, mineral wool slabs, which have a compression with a ten percent deformation of no less than 30 kPa, in one or two layers of a total of total 200 mm thick. The dividing layer is located above (for example, from polyethylene film), according to which a reinforced sloping screed is poured (a flat roof is necessarily given a slope of 2-3 % to the center or edges to ensure water flow). A dried screed serves as a basis for a rolled or mastic waterproofing coating.

There are other choices.

For instance, a sloping screed could be positioned at the base of the pie; in this instance, gravel ballast, paving slabs on the supports, or unique dowels are used to secure the roofing waterproofing. Certain materials, such as the Technonikol slope or the Rockwool system, allow you to create smooth levels of leveling that guarantee water flow without the need for screed because the slabs have varying thicknesses.

There are two types of flat roofs: non-explosive and operated. Only revision, prevention, and repair visits are made to the former; an attic staircase leads to a roofing hatch equipped for this purpose. In cottages, the roof is typically used as a terrace; therefore, it should be coated with a durable material that can withstand wear and tear, and the base should be built to support heavier loads. a range of functionalities, such as a landscaped roof with a sherine layer atop the primary heat-insulating layer; typically, it arranges tracks and a vacation area. For example, the operated roof should have an easy-to-reach output from the superstructure vestibule.

Roof inversion It is organized differently: waterproofing is placed on top of insulation that can withstand repeated exposure to water, which is typically extruded foam-lystyrol-EPPS. Simultaneously, the latter is situated in the zone of positive temperatures and is dependable protected from mechanical damage (freezing and deprivation cycles are destructive for almost any material). It is simple to make the inversion roof functional, for instance, by installing paving slabs and putting down a layer of granular sand for drainage. One of the structure’s drawbacks is its more intricate drainage system. Gutter discussion, however, needs to happen separately.

For exploited roofs, as well as roofs arranged in regions with harsh climatic conditions, an inversion scheme is ideal. Since the waterproofing layer is under thermal insulation, it is protected from mechanical influences, as well as from temperature changes and UV radiation, which significantly extends the service life of the roofing system. Waterproofing materials based on modified bitumen must be laid in at least two layers – such a technology is more common, and in addition, it allows you to level out possible errors when sailing material. For a polymer membrane, one layer is enough, and reliability provides automatic welding equipment, which greatly increases the speed of work. In addition, when installing a polymer membrane, an open flame is not used, so the technology is considered a safer.

Although it is challenging to stop tiny flaws that could lead to leakage, rolled materials based on modified bitumen are typically fused by a gas burner (a) (if there is no second layer). It is much simpler to regulate the PVC covers’ (6) welding quality.

Drainage and waterproof system of a flat roof

A 30- to 90-cm-tall parapet (attic) on the flat roof helps to maintain efficient water drainage and acts as a security fence on the roof that is in use. A mistake above your head could also result in the formation of a large puddle, which poses a risk of leaks and damage to the supporting structures.

It is generally decided in favor of internal drainage. Because it is not as impacted by the atmosphere as the outer system, it is more robust and dependable. We’ll go into further detail about its key components. Reduced sections of the roof are equipped with water intake funnels. Generally, two funnels are installed on roofs up to 150 m 2 in area: an emergency funnel that is connected to the riser and a main funnel that receives water through the parapet hole. The system becomes more reliable as the number of risers and funnels increases, but the cost of the system also rises.

Modular construction is a popular application for flat roofs. Affordable prices and quick housing are two benefits of this approach, along with the potential for a gradual expansion in its area.

Specialized funnels with drainage rings are designed for inversion and landscaped roofs, to collect moisture from the intermediate layers. Domers that have an electric heater installed on the basis of a self-regulating cable will function as intended during periods of alternating frost and thawing.

Special funnels are used in systems of a new kind, known as siphon and vacuums, to stop air from entering water with a stream of water. They enable you to reduce the diameter of the system’s components by increasing the fluid’s speed in the pipe and, consequently, its capacity. The savings are negligible for low-rise homes, though, and these systems call for a more precise computation than gravitational.

The drainage riser is composed of polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride sewer pipes. It is advisable to soundproof the riser or use noise-absorbing products like Raupiano Plus (Rehau) to avoid hearing the murmur of water for extended periods of time. Elastic couplings are used to secure the riser to the funnel. Reduce the amount of knees and length of horizontal sections when laying pipes as these can reduce the system’s throughput. The drainage pipe that is installed in the basement or insulated subterranean links to the potential rain sewer and guarantees that water is discharged into a linear drainage tray.

The riser should have a "winter" withdrawal into a home sewer (which should have a watermaker) in the second scenario since there is a chance that the ice release could be obstructed. A revision module or collapsible connection is used to clean the withdrawal pipe.

The traditional gravitational system’s element sizes are determined by starting with the amount of rain that falls in a specific area, with a focus on SP 32.13330.2012.

Although the external drainage system is less reliable than the internal one and has an impact on facade appearance, it does not consume any usable space inside the house and does not require the installation of holes in the ceiling and roof. Water is discharged via parapet funnels or nozzles, beneath which brackets hold in place traditional funnels (like those on pitched roofs) and scraps fastened to the walls. They start their calculations with the knowledge that there should be one to one and a half centimeter of cross-sectional pipes for every square meter of roof area. PVC, steel, copper, zinc, and titan can be used to make external system components.

Landscaping of a flat roof

Historically, countries with mildly cold and damp climates have employed covered, riveted roofs; in these regions, the green carpet served as the primary moisture-proof layer.

According to the modern definition of a landscaped roof, a layer of rich soil covered in plants is required to give the building an unusual appearance, adorn the roof terrace, and prolong the coating’s lifespan by shielding it from UV light. It also prevents the upper floor’s premises from overheating in the summer and lessens heat loss in the winter by absorbing rainwater, unloading drains, and suppressing rain noise. It is thought that landscaping nearly doubles the roof’s lifespan. Its drawbacks include higher construction costs and increased loads on the building’s supporting structures.

Furthermore, depending on the chosen plant species, the level of care required for the green carpet will vary. Drought will cause the plantations to freeze and die if you don’t give them enough care.

A second layer of roofing made of materials that will shield the waterproofing layer from roots, filter, and rainwater removal should be placed on top of the primary waterproofing layer (with an inversion scheme, over the insulation) for landscaping purposes. Special films, dense geotextiles, gravel-spraying or dre-ugonaco-button membranes made of high density polyethylene, like Planter GEO or Delta-Floraxx, are used for these purposes.

Subsequently, a blend of fertilizers and minerals known as the "soil substrate" is applied. It can be independently prepared by mixing a light soil mixture made of neutral peat with small expanded clay (5–15%), sand (roughly 20–96), and fertilizers. When it comes to plants, it’s easiest to stick to meadow multi-track and drought-resistant varieties like thymeyan, carnation grades, and sedum.

For them, an irrigation system does not need to be set up, and the soil layer can only be 6–12 cm thick (this kind of roof is known as extensive). In order to walk on the roof among ornamental shrubs, you will need to water them and thicken the soil to a depth of 20 to 40 cm. Known as an intensive roof, it places a large additional load on the ceiling and should be included in the building’s design.

Which coating is better to choose for a flat roof device

A flat roof is not the right place for leaf and piece coatings because water will eventually seep through the seams between the components. As a result, they employ mastic and roller materials. Allow us to briefly describe them.

Roof made of rolled reinforced polymer-bitumen.

The mechanical strength of these materials is several times higher than the roof cardboard (roofing material, only). And modifying additives increase resistance to moisture, air and ultraviolet radiation. The material is glued to the base with mastic, fixed mechanically or (most often) melted. There are coatings for the lower layers of the roof ("Technoelast EPP", "Uniflex EPP", "Bireplast CCP", and others.) and for the upper ("Technoelast ECP", "Uniflex ECP", "Hydronstecloizol TKP" and others.). The second are sprinkled with mineral crumbs, which reduces the risk of fire and additionally protects against mechanical damage and UV overtime. The cost of waterproofing of both types is low – from 65 and 150 rubles. for 1 m 2 and the average service life of the roofing carpet is 15-30 years.

Rolled PVC membranes don’t support combustion and vary in strength and durability (up to 30 years without repair), such as Sikaplan WP, Logicroof, and Ecoplast. However, they are relatively expensive, starting at 320 rubles for 1 m 2, and require a professional installation technique (the band joints must be carefully boiled with hot air). It is crucial to remember that bitumen will cause this material to break down.

Options for roof coverings

Conventional with drainage coming from outside

One, two, three, four, five, six, and seven are overlap, sloping screed, vapor barrier, waterproofing, and drain.

Having internal gutters

1-scratch; 2-PVC membrane; 3-EPPS; 4-drainage ring-equipped funnel; 5-day membrane; 6-sand; 7. Paving slabs

Flat roof: pros and cons of

+Provides easy access to chimneys, ventilation risers, and antennas; easier to maintain and repair than pitched roofs. +Removes the possibility of avalanche-like snow accumulation and ice falling.\ + can be used as a terrace or recreational space.

+ Not quite as vulnerable to wind loads as the pitched enables you to put the phased modular construction concept into practice (a pitched-roof addition requires the solution of a challenging architectural and design problem).

– necessitates large expenses

On the highly capable bearing device.

– only if pricey materials are used, as they are more exposed to atmospheric factors than the pitched.

– necessitates paying closer attention to how the drainage system is set up and maintained (especially with internal drainage).

Do-it-yourself flat roof house: possibilities for the appliance and design, created by you

Of course! For your article on "Flat roofing on wooden beams," here is a brief conclusion:

Modern roofing methods are combined with traditional building materials to create flat roofing on wooden beams. It provides a reliable and affordable option for both residential and commercial structures. The flat roof structure is supported by a sturdy framework made of wooden beams.

The versatility of flat roofing in terms of design and construction is one of its main advantages when installed on wooden beams. It’s an eco-friendly option because it makes installing solar panels, rooftop gardens, and other sustainable features easier. Furthermore, the building’s exterior is given a rustic charm by the exposed wooden beams’ aesthetic appeal.

However, to guarantee longevity and durability, proper maintenance is essential. Frequent checks for wear indicators, like cracks or water accumulation, can save expensive repairs. Maintaining a flat roof on wooden beams requires applying protective coatings and making sure that the drainage system is working properly.

In summary, flat roofing supported by wooden beams combines traditional and cutting-edge building techniques. It offers advantages for sustainability, design flexibility, and structural strength. Property owners can benefit from a dependable and aesthetically pleasing roofing solution for many years to come by being aware of its benefits and implementing preventative maintenance procedures.

Video on the topic

The result of insulation of a flat roof in wooden lags.

Installation of wooden beams for a flat roof. Waterproofing and savings of lumber.

Flat roof. DIY house. Part 3

Flat -roof. We put the rafters.

8.3. Construction of a frame bath with a flat roof. Frowning roof. Stroy and live.

Rafter system of flat roof! House 9×12

Flat roofing of a frame house with your own hands. Frowning roof.

All about a flat roof | Flat roof with your own hands #build