Flat slate: characteristics of the material and features of its application in construction

Since ancient times, flat slate has been utilized in construction as a flexible and long-lasting roofing material. It is valued for its inherent beauty, which gives any structure a hint of refinement. Flat slate is installed in larger, smoother sheets as opposed to traditional slate, which is typically laid in overlapping layers. Its unique appearance is a result of this feature, which also makes more contemporary roofing design possible.

The longevity of flat slate is one of its main advantages. It is made of natural stone, usually extracted from slate deposits, and is renowned for its resistance to the weather. Because of their exceptional resistance to fire, mold, and mildew, flat slate roofs are a preferred option for areas with diverse climates. Despite being initially more expensive than some other roofing materials, its durability also makes it a more affordable choice over time.

Flat slate is prized not only for its strength but also for its favorable environmental effects. Compared to synthetic roofing materials, it is less harmful to the environment and recyclable because it is a natural material. Because of its durability, replacements require fewer resources, which helps with sustainability initiatives in the building industry.

The use of flat slate in construction goes beyond residential buildings to include institutional and commercial buildings as well. Because of its adaptability, architects and builders can incorporate it into historically sensitive renovations or create sleek, contemporary designs. Because of its timeless appeal and adaptability, flat slate continues to be a popular option for both professionals and homeowners.

Features of the composition of the flat slate

Even rectangular sheets of asbestos cement (chrysotile cement) are called flat slate. It includes:

• Portland cement-80-90% (as a basis);
• chrysotil-ASBEST-10-20% (as a binder);
• additives – 1%.

Strong magnesium silicate fibers that can withstand an alkaline cement environment make up Chrysotil Assbod. As a result, asbestos cement is actually a fiber cement reinforced with chrysotil gesture fibers. This explains the asbestos-cement slate’s high mechanical strength as well as its durability, heat resistance, and wear resistance.

A crucial detail: Chrysotil-Assobest is tightly bound to the cement in the composition of the flat slate, preventing it from evaporating into the surroundings. The only way asbestos dust can enter the lungs is during slate cutting. As a result, using a respirator during this event is required by safety precautions.

The scope of the use of flat slate

Flat slate is used in many different construction sectors due to its universal form and superior operational qualities. It is not as frequently used for roofs as wavy sheets are, and it is typically used in the construction of prefabricated screeds. However, businesses have recently started producing small-sized flat tiles, particularly to cover roofs depending on the kind of tile. They have now stopped producing them.

Nonetheless, some homeowners manage to get around the problem in order to obtain an affordable "tiled" roof made of asbestos cement. and make tiny tiles out of flat slate, then cover them with a roof. An intriguing method of use, however it is not advised in the official slate instructions.

GOST 18124-2012 states that flat slate is used.

• when installing prefabricated screeds for roofing systems of the PKS-1, PKS-2, PKS-3, PKS-4 type;
• as an element of roofing in prefabricated roofing systems (for example, “TN ROOD-TITAN” and “TN ROOD ROOKS ONE” from “Technonikol”);
• as the material of the internal sheathing of walls and partitions;
• for facing facades of premises for various purposes (residential, industrial, etc.D.);
• for the construction of structures: fences, arbors, galleries of industrial enterprises, balconies and loggias;
• for the installation of boxes, slopes, window sills;
• to cover the floors or devices of hinged ceilings;
• In the designs of wall panels (blocks) with a “sandwich” insulation – during the construction of residential buildings, pavilions, stalls, household blocks, etc.P.;
• as a material of non -removable formwork for foundations and walls during the construction of low -rise buildings (flat sheets in this case play the role of decoration and external holding reinforcement for concrete structure);
• When installing structures for the improvement of the house territory, garden and garden, that is, as a material for covering paths, assembling walls of compost pits, fencing of beds, etc.P;
• for the installation of orphanes in the gradins.

It is utilized in the Techno-nicolus roofing systems for everything else.

Types of flat slate

A flat asbestos-cement slate yields two types, pressed and unnecessary, in compliance with GOST 18124-2012.

Additionally, pressed sheets that are taken out of a format drum are compressed. Such a procedure’s unprofitable product manufacturing technology does not offer.

The product type is invariably represented by a letter abbreviation in the symbol of the slate sheets. Flat sheets that are not profitable are labeled as LPN. Pressed flat sheets, similar to lPP.

Unprofitable slate is denser and less resilient than pressed slate. However, it is lighter and simpler to handle. LPN is easily cut, sawed, and drilled without requiring extra physical exertion. Using screws, they are simple to fasten to both horizontal and vertical surfaces. Unprotected plates are therefore ideal for roofing and finishing work. They are employed as leveling screeds in roofing assembly pies, as well as for installing ceilings, fences, and lining interior walls and partitions in buildings.

Owing to the extra compression of its structure during the pressing process, the pressed slate exhibits enhanced strength, density, shock viscosity, and durability. When confronting and assembling structures exposed to aggressive media and fire risk, LPP is advised.

The pressed slate is resistant to high temperatures, chemicals, and biological agents. It doesn’t evaporate dangerous substances or burn. As a result, its usage is common in workshops, paint booths, gas stations, and car washes.

LPP is also used to make prefabricated wall panels, enclose structures, floors, and roofing pies (as a screed), as well as to face facades and internal building spaces.

Pressed sheets made of a suitable material for the incomprehensible formwork of walls and foundations have increased strength and the capacity to withstand loads. Increased wear resistance is another benefit of LPP, allowing sheets to be repurposed after disassembly.

Decorative features of the material

In order to give the customer a large selection of materials to choose from for particular design needs, flat slate release:

• unpainted;
• painted;
• obturated.

Unpainted sheets are regarded as standard; they maintain the gray color that asbestos cement naturally has. The pressed slate is coated with primer before being painted with acrylic paint to create painted sheets. much less frequently carried out in public. The color base is chosen in accordance with the NCS, RAL, Monicolor, and Tikkurila catalogs.

The most ornamental choice is the OFACTURE SLIFER. The surface of asbestos-cement sheets can be textured in a number of ways:

• Creating a layer of stone crumbs of jasper, marble, coil, granites. A primer is applied to the surface of the plate, then the adhesive composition, which is sprinkled with stone crumbs with the subsequent varnish coating.
• Approaching raw asbestos -cement mass of embossed prints using special stamps, after which the sheets are painted in the usual way. As a result, the flat slate receives a new texture and color imitating wood, stone, silk, etc.P.
• Creation of a textured polymer layer with marble or quartz filler.
• The use of iron-oxide pigments as a filler, which give the slate a “metal” color (for titanium, bronze, aluminum, etc.P.).
• Covering sheets of color cement plaster, which allows you to get an unusual texture and a variety of shades with color interspersed.

Slate can be made more aesthetically pleasing by applying paint or stone crumbs, which also serve as a protective layer. These sheets are more resilient to wear, less abrupt, and longer-lasting.

They are used to finish facades, install balconies (loggias), build fences, and finish other visible surfaces of structures because of their decorative component.

Dimensions and weight

Flat slate sheets as opposed to asbestos-cement tiles. This explains why their range of applications has somewhat shrunk (especially as a finish roofing).

Sheet sizes are governed by TU enterprises or GOST 18124-2012. The products’ lengths range from several specific values within 1200-3600 mm, their widths within 1120-1570 mm, and their thicknesses between 6 and 10 mm, according to GOST.

Because of their dimensions, flat sheets also weigh a lot. A superfluous sheet that is 10 mm thick and square meters in size weighs roughly 19 kg and 21 kg when compressed. That is to say, a standard pressed sheet measuring 10 mm in thickness, 3 m in length, and 1.5 m in width will weigh 96 kg, and a reappressed sheet will weigh roughly 87 kg. Small errors may exist in these numbers, depending on humidity and the additives used.

physical and chemical indicators

The key physical properties of flat slate are its strength, density, viscosity, and resistance to frost. These properties determine both the slate’s longevity and its potential applications.

Because of their exceptional bending strength, flat plates can be used to arrange foundation walls, floors, roofing, and ceilings. Products that are not profitable can be bent up to 18 MPa and compressed up to 23 MPa.

For both LNP and LPP, the density of the flat slate is approximately 1600 kg/m3 and 1800 kg/m3, respectively. On the other hand, this indicates that the material has very high thermal insulation qualities.

Shock viscosity is a measurement of a material’s capacity to withstand shock loads. This parameter should be at least 2.5 kJ/m2 for pressed sheets and at least 2 kJ/m2 for unprotected sheets.

Frost resistance is another significant parameter. Unprotected slate can withstand pressed-50 and 25 cycles of freezing and tangling. These figures generally correspond quite closely to the actual service life of asbestos-cement sheets.

A common roofing material, flat slate is renowned for its eco-friendliness, longevity, and natural beauty. It is highly valued in construction due to its elegant look and resilience to inclement weather while offering superior insulation. This article explains why flat slate is still a popular material for both architects and homeowners by examining its special qualities, advantages for the environment, and useful application advice for contemporary construction projects.

Designation and marking of sheets

Each type and size of flat slate sheet has a unique symbol that represents it. It includes the product type (LPN or LPP, which are unprotected and pressed sheets, respectively), size (length, width, and thickness in millimeters), and the name of the most recent standard.

For instance, pressed sheets manufactured in accordance with GOST 18124-2012 that have dimensions of 3000 mm by 1570 mm by 10 mm thick are referred to as LPP 3000 x 1570 x 10 GOST 18124-2012. Additionally, there are the unprofitable goods like LNP 1200 x 1120 x 6 GOST 18124-2012 that have dimensions of 1200 mm by 1120 mm by 6 mm.

The construction drawings, product accompanying documents, and other documents all include the sheets’ symbol.P. There is another identification mark visible right on the sheets.

Usually, printing is used to apply it to slate. However, labels that are glued to the sheets and have the label applied are also permitted. A minimum of one percent of the party’s sheets should have markings on them.

• name of the manufacturer or trademark;
• batch number;
• a sign with a designation of the type of sheet and its thickness (a square with a digit in the center is an unprotected sheet, the same square, but symbolically “compressed” with two arrows, is a pressed sheet).

Characteristics of flat slate:	Flat slate is a durable roofing material made from natural stone. It is known for its smooth, flat surface and comes in various sizes and colors. Slate is fire-resistant and environmentally friendly, often lasting over 100 years with proper maintenance.
Features of its application in construction:	Flat slate is commonly used for roofing due to its weather resistance and aesthetic appeal. It provides excellent insulation and can withstand extreme temperatures. Installation requires skilled labor to ensure proper alignment and sealing, but once installed, flat slate offers a timeless and elegant look to any building.

A popular roofing material because of its adaptability and beauty is flat slate. Because of its distinct flat shape and natural stone composition, it is a popular option for building projects that strive for both aesthetics and functionality. Flat slate is a lighter substitute for traditional slate, which is thicker and heavier, without sacrificing strength.

The simplicity of installation is one of the best qualities of flat slate. When compared to materials with irregular shapes, its uniform shape and relatively light weight make the roofing process simpler. Due to this feature, flat slate is a cost-effective option for both residential and commercial roofing projects. It also shortens the installation time.

Moreover, flat slate has exceptional durability and resistance to weathering. Because of its natural makeup, it is exceptionally durable even in the face of inclement weather, wind, and rain. This resilience helps it last a long time—it can last up to a century with the right care—making it a sustainable roofing option.

In summary, flat slate is an exceptional roofing material because of its strength, simplicity of installation, and visual appeal. It is a dependable option for building projects looking for both practicality and aesthetic elegance because of its natural composition and flat shape. In the roofing industry, flat slate remains a valuable material that can be employed in both contemporary and historic restorations.

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