How to make a monolithic overlap correctly: a standard device and an example of installation

To construct a robust and dependable roof, one must grasp the fundamentals of construction, like forming a monolithic overlap. This crucial component guarantees that the roof can endure a range of weather scenarios and offer durable defense for the building underneath it.

When roofing materials are seamlessly integrated to create a continuous, waterproof surface, it’s referred to as a monolithic overlap. Installing things correctly is essential to avoiding leaks and long-term structural damage. In this article, we’ll examine the conventional approach to creating a monolithic overlap and offer a useful example.

Preparing the underlying structure is usually the first step in creating a monolithic overlap. This entails making certain that the trusses or supporting beams are securely fastened and appropriately aligned. The next stage is to install a base layer, which acts as the framework for the roofing materials and is frequently composed of plywood or oriented strand board (OSB).

Applying a waterproof membrane is a crucial step after the base layer is in place. The roof’s integrity is safeguarded by this membrane, which serves as a barrier against moisture infiltration. To guarantee that there are no spaces or overlaps that can reduce its efficacy, it is applied securely and with great care.

The primary roofing material is applied over the waterproof membrane once it has been installed. Depending on the design and specifications of the roof, this could be made of tiles, metal panels, shingles, or another appropriate material. The way these materials are assembled and sealed together is crucial to producing a monolithic overlap.

In the case of asphalt shingles, for instance, water is channeled downward by the staggered pattern created when each shingle overlaps the one below it. Each shingle must be properly sealed and nailed to guarantee a tight fit that keeps water out. Even in the unlikely event that water does seep beneath a single layer of shingles, this overlapping technique directs it away from susceptible areas.

All things considered, building a monolithic overlap requires close attention to detail and adherence to roofing best practices. Builders can create a roof that looks good and functions well in a variety of weather conditions by following these steps and making sure each layer is installed correctly.

"To ensure durability and weather resistance in roofing construction, mastering the correct installation of a monolithic overlap is essential." This article examines the accepted practice and offers a useful illustration of how to install this crucial roofing element. Both professionals and homeowners can create a sturdy, long-lasting roof structure that successfully weathers the elements by adhering to these guidelines."

The advantages and disadvantages of a monolithic floor

Specific guidelines are imposed on the overlap in modern homes. You won’t be shocked to learn that there is a jacuzzi on the second floor or that large equipment has been installed. As a result, the overlap in the perfect version would be well-insulated, soundproof, dependable, and affordable.

The skill with which this overlap is executed correctly will determine how long-lasting and dependable the entire house is. Regretfully, there are still instances where the overlap fails to hold up.

For instance, the entire second floor containing Indian students collapsed not too long ago. And there’s no more annoying scenario when a new house is built, requiring a lot of money and work, and the walls start to show cracks.

These days, monolithic slabs, reinforced concrete slabs, and wooden ceilings are the most common layouts in Russia. Additionally, monolithic ceiling is regarded as one of the most trustworthy.

Its margin of safety is not instantly depleted, so even in the event of a domestic gas explosion, it does not collapse in the first few hours, allowing you to evacuate as soon as possible. Furthermore, it won’t burn or melt in the fire. And this is how his gadget looks from the inside out:

It is especially convenient to block the premises in any configuration with the aid of monolithic ceilings. For instance, you may have determined that the home features peculiar corners or that the stunning polygonal kitchen will serve as a stand-alone bay window. Covering this portion of the house with a rectangular plate won’t work in this situation. However, it is simple to bend the metal reinforcement into the desired shape and then pour concrete over it.

This is a crucial point! Contemporary architects frequently state that a modern home’s geometry is not at all like a rectangle. In fact, bloomers, protrusions, and intricately curved areas are a major source of issues when considering a trustworthy overlap. For instance, it would be very challenging to fill in something comparable with regular slabs; they will need to at least cut them.

This increases labor costs in addition to necessitating the use of a crane to lay the plates. Furthermore, suburban buildings typically lack adequate access roads, something that the crane already requires. Conversely, there is sufficient concrete mixer and pump to cover even a sizable area in overlap.

Among the drawbacks, we highlight the heavy weight of this overlap and the high consumption of concrete. However, as they say, lightness is not what they’re looking for in construction.

Classic monolithic floor: step by step

First, let’s look at the construction and design of a traditional monolithic floor, as well as some of its more recent variations.

A robust, closely spaced reinforcement that functions as a sort of overlap skeleton is at the core of this kind of overlap. You must tie rods amongst yourself before you begin filling.

Furthermore, knitting comes in a variety of forms and methods, and it can be done by hand or with specialized tools. You can easily learn this skill if you have the time, motivation, and helpers.

And this video will show you how to do it correctly and knit rods or become a better cook:

You must perform an exact calculation in order to create the proper reinforcing frame. Generally speaking, we are discussing two nets from class A400 reinforcement in the upper and lower zones, each with a diameter of 12–14 mm. The step of the rods in this instance should be 20 cm in each direction.

They occasionally also add more reinforcement. The two nets ought to be spaced 25–30 mm apart from the plate’s edge. Fixers under the bottom should be positioned directly to the intersection of reinforcement, one meter apart from one another.

Additionally, modern plastic devices or special stands made of rods with a 10 mm diameter are installed beneath the upper mesh to ensure that it is at a specific distance:

In this version, sections of the rods were fused together to serve as supports for reinforcement:

Such supports can be used more frequently, which is only advantageous:

Additionally, the store sells what are known as "chairs," which are this kind of support:

If you accept the reinforcement, then employ the strategies of home masters who are forced to make do with homemade instruments. This is an excellent method for connecting the reinforcement quickly and with little effort.

First, we take the wire, bend its ends to form the "ears," and then we bring the reinforcement under:

Step 2: Join the top ends of the wire to form a loop that will serve as a hook. This diminishes from the 4-5 second strength:

Step 3: We place the hook into the wire loop with one end in the screwdriver and the other in the hook. After a brief moment of operation, the reinforcement is securely fastened. All that’s left to do is dry the resultant tail.

He won’t obstruct the concreting process, but workers may be able to see his legs poking through. Consequently, it is preferable to remove him immediately, bending to the reinforcement rod:

For instance, the following is a fantastic, easy method for novices to knit reinforcement:

Here’s an illustration of how regular metal wire is used to connect the reinforcement:

Furthermore, this reinforcement device method is already reserved for experts:

In this instance, the flooring was connected to a single reinforcement:

By the way, Armopia is not required for a monolithic flooring. Ultimately, this kind of overlap precisely redistributes the load from all directions. Installing the formwork throughout the area is all that needs to be done.

Let’s examine more closely at the primary phases involved in installing a monolithic floor slab:

• Step 1. Installation of supports – metal racks with adjustable height. The optimal distance between them is 1 meter, and from walls – 20 cm.
• Step 2. Rigels are laid on the racks, as which is suitable for the I -beam, a channel or a beam.
• Step 3. The formwork is organized on top of the crossbars, perfectly flat. So that later it is easy to remove it, use a waterproofing film for boards or machine oil for metal.
• Step 4. We make a reinforcing frame in the chosen way.
• Step 5. Now go to concreting. Pour concrete using concrete pump, and vibrate the deep vibrator. Then the concrete dries and gains strength. The first week, while it dries, moisten it with water, and after 28 days remove the formwork.

This is how to use a monolithic slab device step-by-step:

Traditional monolithic ceiling slabs are frequently insulated. In this instance, the overlap is further thermally insulated by the insulation:

Should there be warm floor pipes overlapping everything, the concrete membrane should sit 8 to 10 cm above them. However, keep in mind that the useful load of the floor can be reduced by up to 25 kg/sq.m. for every 1 cm of upper concrete membrane. The overlap grows heavier with each additional centimeter, making it harder to place future loads on furniture and equipment.

As a result, the structure’s overall thickness will increase from 180 to 220 mm. Of course, such an overlap carries a lot more weight than when it is wooden. As a result, not all designs can use its device.

For instance, a log or wooden house. Furthermore, a monolithic ceiling should not have spans longer than 7 meters; otherwise, it becomes excessively heavy. You are aware of how heavy concrete can be if you have prior construction experience. Check how much is required for the stove’s one square meter:

Additionally, this scheme’s device for a monolithic floor requires a lot of time to complete: formwork installation and disassembly, reinforcement manufacturing, arrangement of a large frame, concrete pouring, and problem solving.

Furthermore, the requirement for a specialized crane does not automatically eliminate the need for any kind of technique. The truth is that it is difficult to lift 60 kg or three of them to the top of the 60 kg beam when they weigh 110 kg.

Collective-monolithic ceiling: savings and practicality

As we’ve already mentioned, monolithic ceilings are generally a good idea—aside from the expense of concrete and our own weight. It makes sense that the entire floor is poured because cement will be used shortly! Because of this, a new kind of floor—a prefabricated monolithic—was created in an effort to save money.

The prefabricated monolithic is up to 30% more cost-effective than the typical monolithic overlap. While this type of overlap costs more than regular slabs, it also takes a lot less time and is less expensive than monolithic.

It is possible to classify this as a subspecies of a monolithic floor that contains additional blocks. They have reinforcement poured over them from above and a thin layer of concrete poured over them. What is essential? Filling the main space, blocks are significantly lighter than concrete.

It turns out that considerably less heavyweight cement is being applied already. Additionally, saving is much simpler when it comes to the overlap itself. Furthermore, this has a major impact on the foundation estimate, which takes into account the primary load from the house’s weight:

Let’s examine the technology step-by-step for installing prefabricated flooring.

Installation of beams and supports

Special light-reinforced concrete beams with reinforcement inside are used for prefabricated monolithic ceilings. It is freely situated within spatial frames. This allows the beams to be made quite long, even with a 9-meter overlap, because they are so strong. If you want to create a large foyer in your house, this is a crucial consideration.

Special T-shaped beams with a lower chamfer are used less frequently. Just keep in mind that the device for the beam’s assembly floor overlap is made exclusively in factories. You cannot cook them in your garage because it is unsafe! These beams, known as trigones, have precisely calculated weight and geometry.

These days, galvanized steel beams on a reinforcing frame are frequently offered in lighter weights by manufacturers. A beam like that weighs only 6 kg/m. For this kind of lifting apparatus, it is not required, but it also retains its strength. Nonetheless, the rod of additional longitudinal temperature will have an impact on its weight.

The bearing capacity of the overlap is used to determine the beam’s diameter and number of rods. The primary benefit of prefabricated flooring is its adaptability in choosing the bearing capacity based on the intended operating load.

Bonolit is another kind of such ceiling. This steel beam has an easily identifiable triangle reinforcing cage. Aerated concrete blocks sandwiched between the beams act as a permanent formwork at the same time. The M250 (B20) class uses heavy fine-fractional concrete for the ceiling device.

Even in complex configurations, the beams can be joined at an angle to block a room, and they can be changed on the installation site. Additionally, there is no need for an alignment screed, which significantly lowers the amount of concrete used. It’s also astonishing how quickly they can gather this kind of overlap—just four employees are required to do so for just two shifts, and they don’t even need to be highly qualified.

Furthermore, beams are propagated using specialized telescopic racks or wooden supports. After the concrete has solidified, they are removed. In many indications, telescopic racks outperform wooden subpoor at the same time.

Ultimately, they are still movable in order to maximize the precision of the beam arrangement. When using wedges and strengthening with ugsins is necessary, it takes a lot longer.

Place racks 1.5 meters apart from one another. The stand runs the risk of selling even with a wooden lining underneath it if a strong basis isn’t ensured, such as well-tamped soil or a foundation plate.

Laying blocks-layers

Liner rests on blocks and beams made of reinforced concrete. Two side grooves in the lower portion hold them in place. Furthermore, because the blocks themselves only weigh 19 kg, a crane is not required to install them. With the assistance of thick foam liners inside, the prefabricated overlap’s weight is further reduced.

It makes sense to be concerned about the fire safety of such an overlap, but this is something that is frequently done in Europe. However, gas concrete liners are far more fire resistant.

Not only can unique T-shaped blocks be used as the aggregate between metal beams, but concrete that has been expanded, aerated, or made of polystyrene concrete can also be used. The beams’ standard heights are 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 cm.

Armopias are concurrently configured with an overlap, allowing waterproof pipes to be installed at the outset of construction and only then filling in the overlap.

The entire block and beam structure acts as a fixed formwork within which the concrete layer M200 is poured. This layer has already been reinforced with a net consisting of tiny, 100×100 mm cells. There is a standard wire with a diameter of 5–6 mm for reinforcement.

Reinforcement device and concrete filling

Now install a concrete diaphragm, or the top five centimeters of concrete. This layer, which forms the ceiling’s upper surface, will be situated above the blocks and inserts. It is crucial to make sure that debris like leaves and branches don’t get into the concrete, formwork, or reinforcement while the ceiling is being installed.

Blocks with a specific gap are knitted with a reinforcing mesh or frame on top. This is accomplished by taking "eight" or "ten" reinforcement and creating 10×10 or 15×15 cm cells. Furthermore, a vibro-barrier or bayonet is used to compact recently laid concrete.

These screeds come in various varieties. Thus, one of the best is thought to be equipped for the beginning. Excellent heat and soundproofing qualities of the screed are a result of the reinforcement fibrovolonon mixed in with a mixture of light aggregates. This kind of screed works particularly well with the "warm floor" system. Additionally, you can create a bulk thin screed with a thickness of just 5 mm using Sika Level Pro.

However, accurately calculating the load on the foundation is also crucial. Making a screed thinner is one method to enable the overlap. In fact, the load per square meter is already between 100 and 120 kg when the traditional screed is set up with a thickness of 50 mm. After all, a floor can be aligned with materials other than concrete quite often. As a result, a polymer-modified dry mixture based on cement is used for the ceilings.

In actuality, installing a prefabricated monolithic floor looks like this:

Consequently, the prefabricated monolithic flooring exhibits high thermal conductivity and sound insulation indicators. Simultaneously, the supporter has sufficient ability to set up entire pools in addition to fireplaces on the second floor. There are between 200 and 1000 kg per square meter.

The ability to arrange a prefabricated postponement even in inaccessible locations—of which there are many when reconstructing the building—is another benefit of using them. Such an overlap is easily formed into the desired shape, cut, or modification because of the internal blocks.

When comparing the weight on the foundation, the monolithic floor slab will weigh 500 kg/sq.m.with an equal thickness of 25 cm, while the prefabricated monolithic floor slab will weigh 300 kg/sq.m. What makes the prefabricated overlap as sturdy as the plate in reality, then? The entire trick is in the longer longitudinal reinforcement and higher beam section, which prevents off-site spans up to 16 meters long!

However, there is still a lack of popularity for this kind of monolithic ceiling in Russia. Many people think that the traditional screed is better because there is too much prep work involved. Naturally, this is a safer option for aerated concrete walls.

To ensure the longevity and efficacy of your roof, you must learn how to install a monolithic overlap correctly. You can create a smooth and durable roofing system by carefully following the prescribed process and carrying out each step as directed.

Start by giving the space a thorough cleaning. Make sure the area where the monolithic overlap will be installed is clear of any previous roofing materials, dust, and debris. In order to guarantee good adhesion and a seamless application, this step is crucial.

After the surface has been cleaned, prime it. By strengthening the substrate’s and the overlapping material’s adhesion, the primer increases the bond’s overall strength. As directed by the manufacturer, let the primer completely dry before moving on.

After the primer dries, measure and cut the overlapped material precisely to fit the space. Here, accuracy is essential to ensuring a tight fit and reducing waste. To prevent mistakes, measure twice before cutting anything.

As directed by the manufacturer, apply the overlapped material. Make use of the bonding material or adhesive that is appropriate for monolithic overlaps. Make sure there are no air bubbles or gaps that could affect the overlap’s integrity as you firmly press the material into place.

Examine the installation carefully after adding the overlapping material. Examine the area for any indications of improper adhesion, such as gaps or uneven application. Resolve any issues right away to avoid leaks or premature wear in the future.

Lastly, give the overlapping material enough time to cure and set fully. Prior to exposing the roof to any stress or weather, adhere to the manufacturer’s recommended curing time. This perseverance guarantees that the overlap reaches its highest level of potency and efficiency.

You can install a monolithic overlap that improves the strength and longevity of your roof and offers dependable protection for many years to come with confidence if you follow these instructions and guidelines.

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