Когда имеет смысл изготавливать односкатную крышу: особенности постройки и рекомендации мастеров

When building a roof, many factors need to be carefully considered, such as the roof’s functionality and design. The mono-pitched roof, sometimes referred to as a shed roof, is one kind of roof that requires consideration. The mono-pitched roof is a practical option for specific architectural and environmental conditions because it slopes in only one direction, in contrast to traditional roofs that slope in multiple directions.

The choice of a mono-pitched roof is frequently influenced by the particular requirements or limitations of a construction project. Its modern aesthetic or space-constrained design can benefit from its straightforward construction and design. Sloping only in one direction makes managing rainwater easier and may eliminate the need for intricate drainage systems.

When designing a mono-pitched roof, orientation with respect to the sun and the dominant weather patterns is one of the most important factors to take into account. Through the optimization of solar gain or the reduction of exposure to strong winds or heavy rains, proper alignment can improve energy efficiency. This meticulous planning guarantees the longevity and durability of the roof structure in addition to interior comfort.

Mono-pitched roofs are frequently suggested by builders and architects for buildings like modern residential homes, small cabins, or additions where a minimalistic design is preferred. Homeowners and designers seeking to create a distinctive visual appeal frequently choose it because of its clean lines and seamless integration with modern architecture.

Features of the roof design with one slope

One plane of a slope, formed by a separate system of rafters, is present in the structure. Since the extremities of the rafter legs are supported by sturdy structures, they fall under a particular category. The individual components of the rafter system are based on the ends of the building’s opposing walls.

One or two rows of poles can be used as reference parts. The existence of a support beneath the skate end of the rafter is a requirement for installing rafter legs.

It is best to mount details independently. They are fixed to walls of varying heights using fasteners that pass through the Mauerlat. The latter is not the same as a typical wooden frame. Two parallel bars are used in the design, and they can be found on the frame structure’s strapping, the log house’s final crown, or the walls made of stones.

Typically, the area above the Mauerlat is referred to as the "horse"s bar. But because the design serves as support, it won’t result in a skate fracture. This kind of roof can be supported by the following methods:

1. From brick, concrete or wooden racks.
2. Using a number of supports that are intended for further decoration.

Varieties of single -sided roofs

A single-sided roof has a straightforward design, but there are various construction methods.

1. The roof can be insulated or cold.
2. Under the roof you can arrange the attic. In pure form, attics are quite rare, since fire norms do not allow a attic to less than 1.6 m high. It is advisable to do the attic for a single -sided roof only if a residential attic or a small room for household purposes is arranged between the roof structure and the upper overlap.
3. In most cases, single -sided roofs are made gentle. Basically, structures with a slope of 5-15 ° are found. Although there are more steep roofs with an inclination up to 60 °. It all depends on the wind and snow load in the construction region.

One can construct a roof of one size:

• above a separately placed household or residential building;
• above the terrace, bath, entrance group, garage, etc. D.

Precipitation on the slope will naturally release itself. This is made possible by the variations in the supporting walls’ heights. As a result, setting up an inner stock won’t be necessary. On the down side, replace the gutter buttons frequently; they handle the duty of diverting water during the summer months quite well. Snow can occasionally accumulate on a canopy during the winter. In this instance, taking the appropriate safety measures will allow the roof to be cleaned.

Distribution systems on single -sided roofs

A single-toe roof needs to slope. For a building like this, the drain could be:

• organized;
• Inorganized.

These homes’ drainage systems eliminate the need for an interior arrangement and an exterior one. Installing drill gutters should start from the side of the low wall, or "in the cross," and work their way toward the drain.

It is necessary to remove wastewater into the drainage system.

The building’s slope can be given as follows:

• differing in height partitions or rows of supports;
• fixed to the wall of the main building with supporting parts, which are located above the level of the opposite wall;
• half a farm, which is installed on the walls or supports of the same height.

Materials for covering roofs with one slope

A single-sloping structure can be used to cover any of the following materials:

• tin for the roof;
• rolled materials;
• slate;
• corrugated board;
• metal tile.

You can use plastic, slate, or tile to create a beautiful building that complements the overall design of other buildings.

Artificial roof installation is limited to the inclination angle permitted by the material’s manufacturers. Straw and other similar materials cannot be used to cover napal structures with a small slope because they will quickly rot.

Advantages and disadvantages of single -sided roofs

One-slope roofs have the following benefits:

1. Uncomplicated design. In the process of drawing up the project, only a few points should be taken into account:
2. In the case of a large slope area, the snow load will be increased;
3. The roof with one slop is not afraid of the load from the wind, but it is important to make sure that the plane of the roof is directed towards the wind. The load from snow and wind can be compensated by increasing the angle of inclination and increasing the rafter system.
4. Economy. Compared to a simple gable roof, it will take approximately 2 times less than wood and time for construction work.
5. Simplicity. You can build a design without special knowledge, skills and bulky technology. All details have small weight, move and lay them manually. The support belt is fixed on the walls of various heights, and the rafters are mounted on Mauerlat. If necessary, you can install auxiliary supports vertically on the base. They should be tied with a beam. In this case, the rafter legs should be installed at a higher level.
6. High. The upper floor will be used 100%. Here you can arrange a balcony and large windows from the floor base to the ceiling.

One-slope roofs don’t have any notable drawbacks. Only a few characteristics set this kind of roofing apart from others:

• Specific appearance. Not everyone will like a single high building with a single -sized roof, but if you correctly design the house and fit it into the existing design of the site, then this drawback can be turned into the advantage: a combined roof of several slopes at various levels will compete with Valmova. In this case, the roofing is of particular importance. For example, Ondulin can decorate and emphasize the bends of a single -sided building, and the corrugated board will make the building like a barn;
• Small height of the attic. But it can not be arranged, everything will depend on the project. For example, in a sleep room, the ceiling should be low, and in the lobby and room for games – on the contrary. Consequently, buildings with a single sloping can save finances in construction work.

How to make a roof yourself with one slop

You must have the following equipment ready in order to install such a design:

• knife;
• hammer;
• Stapler with brackets;
• axe;
• hacksaw.

Among the supplies you’ll need:

1. Wooden bars measuring 12×12 cm or 15×15 cm, which can be applied as subpoons.
2. Reiki. We need to arrange the base of the floor and perform the initial finish of the partitions in the attic room. They must be laid on top of horizontal bars.
3. Vapor barrier.
4. Insulation.
5. Slate nails or other fasteners.
6. Nails for fixing the bars and planks.
7. Membrane for waterproofing.

You must use a counter and a crate in such a design. You can make them out of 50×50 mm bars.

Calculation of the structure with one slope

You must determine the slope prior to beginning building construction. This parameter influences the coating material selection that will shield the roof pie from environmental damage.

It should be noted that snow does not melt off tiles or slate as quickly as it does off a metal profile. When building a roof, this is crucial to take into account. Because the building’s safety is at stake, the material’s capacity to swiftly release precipitation is crucial when making a selection.

This is an important consideration because snow accumulation from heavy snowfall can easily fracture or seriously damage the roof. The roof has to be properly strengthened if you intend to create a slight inclination. In this instance, roofing material may be used to cover it. A 5 to 10 ° angle is acceptable.

In the event that slate is to be used, the inclination angle must be at least 20 degrees. Tiles require a 27–35 ° slope. The minimum angle determines the base’s smoothness. It is crucial to take the terrain’s features into account. The roof’s slope can be lessened if winds are blowing from various directions. A steeper slope is preferable if there are tall trees all around the building because the wind won’t carry the snow away.

One of the main factors influencing the product’s strength is the separation between backups. The loads that the design will encounter during use should be taken into account when calculating the step. Among the constant loads are:

• roofing weight;
• the weight of the materials from which the rafter system is made;
• weight of the roof pie;
• The weight of the details of the decoration of the living attic or attic.

Temporary loads consist of:

• The weight of the cover of snow;
• wind loads;
• human weight during repair work or maintenance.

The term "step" describes the separation of a single slope’s rafter legs. This scheme is followed when performing the calculation:

1. First of all, you will need to measure the length of the slope of the roof.
2. The resulting number must be divided into the optimal distance between the backups.
3. To the resulting value should be added a unit. The result must be rounded.
4. The length of the slope of the roof must be divided into rounded value.

Table: The distance between the rafters depending on their length

Rraft length, m	Distance between rafters, cm	The size of the cross section of the rafter beam, cm
until 3	120	8 x 10
until 3	180	9 x 10
up to 4	100	8 x 16
up to 4	140	8 x 18
up to 4	180	9 x 18
until 6	100	8 x 20
until 6	140	10 x 20

As an example, consider the rafter 3 m long. The optimal distance between the details in this case will be 120 cm. As a result: 300 / (300 /120 + 1) = 75. Therefore, the optimal step will be 75 cm. It will not work to accurately determine the step in this way, since it is important to consider the width of the insulation material, the features of the installation of the crate and other factors. If it is planned to mount a chimney, a step should be calculated taking into account its placement, so that in the future it is not necessary to dismantle the rafters and install a special system for support.

Projects of a single -sided roof

It would be prudent to familiarize yourself with completed projects prior to beginning roof design.

Photo gallery: various options for projects of houses with single -rope roofs

For small buildings such as a gazebo, it is the single -sided roof of the roof with a large bias that is most often placed in cases where the house is surrounded by large trees. A beautifully trimmed single -sized roof can become a decoration of any building when placing single -toe roofs, for example, you can make a roof, for example, a roof, you can make a roof, ending with a smooth arc and reminiscent of a hill in a water park for household blocks and everyday life, it is easiest to combine a single -sloping version of the roof slope, uniting several parts of the building under a single roof a single -sloping roof with a small slope smoothly passes into the wall

When drafting a project, it is crucial to consider the following aspects:

1. If you plan to make a room without an attic, special attention must be paid to roofing materials. They must be of high quality, so their cost will be high. It is best to order such a roof from experts in order to ensure good tightness and thermal insulation.
2. If the attic is planned between the roof and overlapping the ceiling, it will be very difficult to inspect and serve the roof from the inside. This is due to the small height of the room, as well as with the fact that the height decreases in the direction from the upper edge to the lower. Therefore, it will not be possible to fully use the attic room.
3. The most difficult thing during the manufacture of a roof of this type perform facade work. If they are made poorly, then the house in appearance will resemble a barn. Auxiliary elements have a strong influence on the appearance of the building. If there are few of them, then the materials used should be of high quality.

Homes with these types of roofs seem particularly to be high-tech enthusiasts.

Rafter system

Two types of wood work well as rafter materials. Rails, plates, bars, and logs are used for blanks. Calculations can be used to determine dimensions. The diameter of the log rafters should be greater than 120 mm, the plate rafters should be 70 mm, and the rack rafters should be 150 x 40 mm.

The roof diagram with one slope will vary depending on the building’s length of construction and slope. When installing a single-sloping structure with a slope of less than 30 °, the rafter system without supporting parts is utilized, with a maximum span length of 4.5 m.

The load-bearing walls’ Mauerlat will be the only source of support for the rafters in this scenario. This is the most straightforward design, which is frequently applied when constructing outbuildings as well as independently situated terraces.

When there is a span length between 4.6 and 15 m, intermediate supporting parts are utilized.

The head should be positioned in the base of the high wall, which is a wooden block with a 150×100 mm cross section, if the span is shorter than 6 meters. positioned at a 45-degree angle between the lying and the rafter leg.

A roller must be installed in the center of the rafters’ projection, parallel to the load-bearing walls, with a spacing of 4 to 12 meters between them. The vertical support must be mounted on the lying. It is possible to connect details.

Struts that will rest against the rafters should be installed from all sides of the supporting portion.

Larger buildings require the installation of two rafter systems. From the supports to the rafter leg, there should be one slope. A jumper needs to be tied to multiple racks supporting a single rafter. This will guarantee the structure’s rigidity. It should be noted when designing the plan that there should be less than 6 meters separating the wall and the lying, and that the space between the two lying should be one-third the run’s length.

Prior to installation, the wooden components must be completely dried, and you must inspect them to make sure there are no cracks where the elements are fastened. Cracks with a maximum depth of 0.25 times the bar’s thickness and a maximum length of 0.25 times the part may occur outside of these areas.

Bars or racks can be used to make the rafters. The best material for long details is a glued beam to avoid joints. It is possible to join an entire beam if needed. It is necessary to arrange the joints above the support racks. The process of building relatively light roofing systems uses rail legs from the racks. These rafters fall into two categories:

1. Compound. Are made of three racks with liners. The central rail can be extended to the required length.
2. Paired. They are built from two racks without a clearance.

You can cover a single-sided roof with a variety of materials. Slate and corrugated board are most frequently used. Each of them has benefits and drawbacks of its own.

Video: with your own hands

Here is a succinct thesis statement for an article on when it makes sense to build a mono-pitched roof for the website "All about the roof": In some architectural contexts, mono-pitched roofs, with their single sloping surface, provide both practical and aesthetic advantages. To assist homeowners and builders in making well-informed decisions regarding the incorporation of mono-pitched roofs into their construction projects, this article delves into the distinct characteristics of these roof types, the subtleties of their construction, and professional advice."

A roof with one slope from a slate

First thing that needs to be done is the bar laying:

1. Elements are installed in a step of 75–80 cm in the upper part of the wall.
2. Mauerlat is used as a support for bars.
3. Next, reinforcement is carried out. The gap between the slats and the reinforcement must be filled with foam.
4. Rrafts are installed on top of the strips. The number of elements corresponds to the number of floor beams.
5. After that, beams are installed under the slope, which are fixed with nails to the Mauerlat.
6. To make it comfortable to work, you can install rails on the rafter legs, on which builders can walk during the construction of the roof. At the end of the work, they must be dismantled.

The next task is a 50×50 cm bar crate. A wave crate is needed for slate installation. There should be four bars beneath the slate sheet. The location of the lower overlap is the first of them. Next, two sections of the crate are attached, sticking to the slate in the middle. Subsequently, the final bar is fitted, serving to support the sheet from above.

In the event that 1.75 m sheets are used, there should be 44 cm between each bar. The leeward side is where the sheets are installed. The upper layers will be slightly above the lower layers. The following is how the content is arranged:

1. The first sheet must be installed in the place of overhang over the pediment.
2. In the front row, another 2 sheets are mounted.
3. 2 sheets are laid in the next row, and in the initial one – 1 sheet.
4. In the future, actions are carried out by analogy.

Making sure the sheets are 17–22 cm vertically aligned with one another is crucial. One wave should make up the horizontal overlap. To eliminate non-confidence at the intersection of four sheets, the angles of the sheets must be sliced.

The overhangs are chopped off so that the protruding segment’s dimensions match the overlap’s length plus an additional 0.5 centimeter. This will not be joined with adjacent sheets separated by multiple milimiters. Breaking the slate’s corners is not permitted because doing so may cause it to lose strength and develop cracks.

The material can be cut using a hacksaw or grinder while holding a stone nearby. The resulting sections will require painting in order to prevent rusting over time.

Video: how to lay slate correctly

Roal with one slot from corrugated board

The benefits of corrugated board are as follows:

• light weight;
• strength;
• lack of harmful substances in the composition of the material.

The profiled sheets of brands N and Ns should be used for the roof. Only small outbuildings may utilize brand C sheets; otherwise, a continuous crate must be used.

There’s a good chance because there isn’t a single slut skating on the roof. Consequently, using corrugated board from the NS35 and NS44 brands is your best bet.

The allowable roof slope according to the material type is shown in the table below:

Table: Roof slope based on the selected material

Corrugated board	The angle of inclination of the roof, °	Sheet thickness, mm	The step of the crate
S-8	at least 15 °	0.5	Continuous crate
S-10	up to 15 °	0.5	Continuous crate
S-20	up to 15 °	0.5–0.7	Continuous crate
S-21	more than 15 °	0.5–0.7	up to 650 mm
NS-35	more than 15 °	0.5–0.7	up to 1000 mm
N-60	at least 8 °	0.7-0.9	up to 3000 mm
N-75	at least 8 °	0.7-0.9	up to 4000 m

Mauerlat installation should come first when installing the profiled sheet structure. Special studs are provided for him in stone or concrete walls. These studs are walled up in the masonry so they extend beyond the 15–20 cm wall level. There are holes drilled in the beam beneath the Mauerlat for the stilettos to be placed through. The connection is fastened from above using wide washers and nuts.

If the home’s walls are made of wood, wire skeins or metal brackets can be used to secure the Mauerlat.

Moreover, Mauerlat is fixed to the rafter legs. The least expensive approach uses metal brackets or two crossed nails longer than 15 cm. Next, the rafters are marked as follows:

1. First of all, you need to lay the rail on Mauerlat so that overhangs remain in the extreme parts of 45-50 cm.
2. With the help of a square or a building level, you should make a cutting markup. Its width should correspond to the dimensions of the Mauerlat.
3. Then it is necessary to build a template based on the obtained value.
4. The pattern is marking on the rest of the rafter legs.

A crate from the racks or metal runs will serve as the foundation. The following will serve as the selection premise:

1. If the angle of inclination is small, then the crate should be continuous or in a step of a maximum of 30 cm.
2. If the slope is average, then the step can be from 35 to 65 cm.
3. If you plan to make a steep roof, then the step can be increased to 1 m.
4. In the case of a large slope, corrugated board can be installed with a step of 3-4 m.

It is done with the crate from the bottom up. Every beam is secured with a single nail or bracket. Direct fixation to the rafter leg is done. After that, additional overhangs are installed and roofing material is positioned beneath them. This will keep moisture out of the elements. Siding will be sewed over the overhangs in the future.

Video: Garage Roof

Laying waterproofing

It is crucial to arrange the film in horizontal rows starting from the bottom. The film is fastened to the rafters using nails, staples, or special planks called counter-straps.

If the roof is not prefabricated, an anti-condensate film rather than a regular film should be used as a waterproofing material. The use of a vapor-permeable membrane that can eliminate extraneous water vapor is permitted.

The slope’s length should not be less than the length of the profiled sheets. The ropes at both ends of the stairs must first be fixed in order to raise corrugated board. This creates a loop that you can put corrugated board into and lift upstairs.

Since sheets are mounted horizontally, you must begin in the lower corner. If the sheet needs to be cut, avoid using a grinder to do so as this will destroy the zinc layer that has a special coating on it, exposing the metal to corrosion.

Corporative fastening on the roof

A single sheet requires a minimum of nine self-tapping screws. The fasteners need to be twisted to the top if the rib height is less than 2 cm. The mounting element is placed in the deflection if the rib is higher than 2 cm. Making sure the compaction gasket is not reinforced is crucial.

This is how the corrugated board is put on the crate:

1. In the first rail, you need to install one self -cutting screw in the deflection.
2. In the second rail, 2 self -tapping screws are installed through 2 deflection.
3. In the third bar, 3 screws are mounted through 2 deflection.
4. The fourth bar should have only 4 mounting elements along the width of the sheet.

It is recommended to lay corrugated board in vertical stripes. A single wave’s width is used for the docking process. The material is laid with a 17–20 cm overlap in areas near partitions and joints.

Video: Installation of corrugated board on the roof

Roof insulation

The final coating is considered when arranging the roofing pie. The pie has steam, waterproofing, and insulation. A mixture of concrete and clay, along with cement slag and other materials, can be used to insulate the structure. Builders frequently use materials with multiple layers, like mineral wool. Slabs of insulation are:

Waterproofing needs to be done prior to insulating. The material is arranged atop the roof’s individual components.

If the heat-saving material’s thickness is less than the rafters’ height, doing this is advised. The film should be installed on the upper portions of the bar, which are used to raise the height, if the thickness of the insulation matches the height of the support element.

Waterproofing needs to be installed with a 100 mm overlook across the incline. There must be at least a 50 mm ventilation gap between the waterproofing and the roof. To do this, 50×50 mm bars are affixed to the film’s surface.

The insulation will need to be cut into separate stripes and positioned in between the strips. The material must be mounted, and in order to do so, its width must be 30 mm greater than the space between the placed backfalls. Next, you must install a vapor barrier in the lower portion of the rafters and fasten it with protruding nail heads. The vapor barrier is installed with an 8–10 cm overlap. To address the tightness of the canvas, attaching a self-adhesive tape is advised.

Depending on your building needs and preferences, a single-slope roof—also referred to as a mono-pitched or shed roof—offers a number of distinct advantages. One angled plane that slopes from one side to the other makes up its simple design. This ease of use frequently translates into labor and building material cost effectiveness. When building additions like porches, sheds, or tiny residential extensions, builders and homeowners frequently choose this style.

The effective drainage capabilities of a single-slope roof are among its main advantages. Rainwater, snow, and debris can easily slide off the steep slope, lowering the possibility of water pooling or long-term structural damage. This feature is especially helpful in areas that frequently experience high levels of precipitation, as proper water management is crucial to preserving the integrity and lifespan of the roof.

A single-slope roof’s adaptability in design also works well with contemporary architectural forms and minimalist aesthetics. It can be used as a striking feature in commercial and industrial buildings, or it can be used to complement modern homes. People looking for a simple and useful roofing solution frequently find the clean lines and uncluttered appearance appealing.

Although there are many benefits, it’s important to take into account the drawbacks of a single-slope roof. Its suitability is primarily determined by the size, intended use, and climate of the building. To maintain stability and safety, extra structural support and careful engineering may be required in locations with strong winds or a lot of snowfall. Seeking advice from skilled roofers can give you important information about whether a single-slope roof is best for your particular project.

Video on the topic

Single -toe roof of the chicken coop Part I / rafters put / started with vapor barrier

Single -toe roof continuation

Rail system