{"id":2380,"date":"2024-09-24T13:59:48","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T10:59:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/innfes.com\/vi\/?p=2380"},"modified":"2024-09-24T13:59:48","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T10:59:48","slug":"roof-bitumen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/innfes.com\/vi\/roof-bitumen\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitum m\u00e1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi &quot;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0&quot; C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3p, t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Bitum tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111a n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Bitum m\u00e1i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en, d\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1edbt. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3p. Bitum t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 che ch\u1eafn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i bitum m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, bitum \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c th\u1ea5p. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e3o h\u00f2a bitum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp bitum trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (bur).<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bitum tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i bitum v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3. Do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t thay th\u1ebf bitum th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong khi c\u00f3 \u00edt t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Nh\u1eefng thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean sinh h\u1ecdc, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Bitum tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi hay s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u0169. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p bitum &#8211; r\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 bitum \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t mong mu\u1ed1n cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bitum m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/h3>\n<p>Bitum c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi d\u1ea7u b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m).<\/p>\n<p>Bitum b\u1ea9m sinh Bitum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b\u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ef1a trong m\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<p>Bitum nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u tinh ch\u1ebf, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bs\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i bitum m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 flash kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 240 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 300 \u0111\u1ed9. Bitum cho t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5m trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ea4n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chia ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m s\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft khi ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gi\u1ea5y bitum, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p, rubemast, peramin, rubitex v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng bitum. Bituma BNK 90\/30 ho\u1eb7c BNK 90\/40 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u che.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u Bitum m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (mi\u1ec7ng) c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bitum. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, cho th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kim c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 25 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i 100 gram tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho t\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bitum v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Bitum l\u1ee3p n\u00f3i chung<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng bitum l\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbt. M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a bitum l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (mu\u1ed1i, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c axit) kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi bitum tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, bitum c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 benzen, acetone, turpentine, x\u0103ng, v.v. B\u1edfi v\u00ec bitum l\u1ee3p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m bitum<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c r\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m bitum cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng bitum \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 120 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m (\u0111\u00fac). N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9. V\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng bitum n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y nhanh ch\u00f3ng, n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 san b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1edbp bitum ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00edt t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp (t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n), m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y milimet, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi bitum l\u1ee3p, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u00ean. Bitum mastic l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m bitum<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng bitum n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c gi\u00f2n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u1ed5 g\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f4 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb x\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n, b\u1ed3 h\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i n\u00f3 kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i bitum mastics cho ph\u00e9p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ghi nh\u00e3n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m bitum: Dousing, L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, Bitum Mastic, Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/krovelnyj-bitum_1.jpg\"><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bitum<\/h2>\n<p>Bitum l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a carbon, oxy, nit\u01a1, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n<p>Bitum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Bitum t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hydrocarbon v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u trong ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Hydrocarbon t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edbt. \u1ede d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ea5t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li>Bitumes \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t x\u1ed1p, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hydrocarbon, h\u00f3a ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bitum l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch m\u1ec1m. Hydrocarbon t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u1eafn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tan ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i s\u1eeda h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a bitum x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carbon &#8211; kho\u1ea3ng 80%,<\/li>\n<li>Hydro &#8211; kho\u1ea3ng 15%,<\/li>\n<li>L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh &#8211; 2 &#8230; 9%,<\/li>\n<li>Oxy &#8211; l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 5%,<\/li>\n<li>Nit\u01a1 &#8211; l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng &#8211; nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng &#8211; hydrocarbon tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cao, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1edfi parafin.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1ef1a m\u00e0u n\u00e2u s\u1eabm, cho bitum m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u b\u00e3o h\u00f2a.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a hydrocarbon.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau; Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 bitum t\u00ednh t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng kg tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 100 \u0111\u1ebfn 1400.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i bitum. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00ed d\u1ee5 BNK 90\/30 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>BNK &#8211; T\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p d\u1ea7u bitum,<\/li>\n<li>90 &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 tan ch\u1ea3y,<\/li>\n<li>30 &#8211; Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a kim x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o bitum \u1edf 25 \u00b0 C trong mm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bitum t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u bitum x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m BN 50\/50, BN 70\/30 v\u00e0 BN 90\/10. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<p>BNI-IV-3 v\u00e0 BNI-IV l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp bitum x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ed9i dung bitum: 0.95&#8230; 1.50 g\/cm3.<\/p>\n<p>Bitum m\u00e1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n (nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p, rubemast, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh euro, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch zona m\u1ec1m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>BNK 90\/30 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 che ph\u1ee7 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n,<\/li>\n<li>BNK 40\/180 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m,<\/li>\n<li>BNK 45\/190 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y bitum trong lo\u1ea1i l\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong danh m\u1ee5c bitum \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, bitum c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u BND 90\/130, BND 130\/200, BND 200\/300 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn tr\u00ean -20 \u00b0 C.<\/li>\n<li>Cho m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i -20 &#8230; -10 \u00b0 C l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p BND 60\/90 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 90\/130, 130\/200, 200\/300.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng trong v\u00f2ng -10 &#8230; -5 \u00b0 C, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng BND 40\/60 bitum, BN 90\/130, BN 130\/200, BN 200\/300.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u1ea5m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh trong m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng +5 \u00b0 C, hydrocarbon c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u BND 40\/60, BN 90\/130, BN 130\/200, BN 200\/300 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>Th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u con l\u0103n bitum \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i; Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cu\u1ed9n ch\u00fang ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c l\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng keo ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng bitum n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n bitum:<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ea5y, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng mastics \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea3i l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n bitum r\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean l\u00e0m d\u00e0y bitum, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan n\u00f3? Tr\u1eafng Spite, x\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam t\u1eebng ch\u00fat m\u1ed9t, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi mastic. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m bitum c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau kh\u1ecfi xe, s\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t gas v\u00e0 n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh d\u00e0y v\u1edbi n\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan bitum c\u1ee9ng. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111ang s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y container v\u00e0o hai ph\u1ea7n ba. N\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i l\u00ean m\u1ee9c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n 10-15 \u00b0 C. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn dung d\u1ecbch tan ch\u1ea3y nhanh h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hydrocarbon. M\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 +200 \u00b0 C.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u1eafn b\u1eadt l\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c con l\u0103n v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng. Khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00f3ng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111eo thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp 1.5 tr\u1eadn2.5 mm, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 bitum tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m l\u00e0 1 tr\u1eadn1.Trung b\u00ecnh 5 kg.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bitum v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u tinh ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 bitum. T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i anh \u1ea5y h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng bituman, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/krovelnyj-bitum_2.jpg\"><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n   &quot;Bitum m\u00e1i, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ea5t \u0111a n\u0103ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u00eam phong c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3p v\u00e0 m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t con d\u1ea5u ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. Bitum m\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng.&quot;\n  <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u con l\u0103n cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00f4i n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c? M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i bitum v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00fap l\u1ec1u, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n. Ngo\u00e0i ra trong v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p cu\u1ed9n ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m. Ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng. M\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cu\u1ed9n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng euro-Ruble. Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3, ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n h\u01a1i. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tan ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c d\u00e1n v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1edf, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch cho s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Ruberoid<\/strong> &#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed9n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea9m t\u1ea9m t\u1ea9m t\u1ea9m t\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c bitum. \u1ede c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c r\u1eafc l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nhau \u1edf d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m l\u00f3t (trong khi t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Ki\u00eau, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u00f3t v\u1edbi ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Pi\u00eau). V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ef1c t\u00edm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c.<br \/>\n    G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. B\u1ed9t c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t trang tr\u00ed, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 permamin v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p, permamine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9m bitum trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu r\u1eafc r\u1eafc. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 bitum ng\u00e2m tar c\u1ee7a pergamine.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng con l\u0103n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e0ng polymer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng. M\u00e0ng polymer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0n. M\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (e.g., s\u1ecfi). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho m\u00e1i l\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u con l\u0103n tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i con l\u0103n m\u00e1i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1i nh\u00e0? T\u00f4i n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c? C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2aQhofldP9M\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>D\u1ea7u bitum, d\u1ea7u l\u1ee3p (GOST)<\/h2>\n<p>Bitum \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3p (GOST) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n nh\u1ef1a bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hydrocarbon, nit\u01a1, oxy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng bitum, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 bitum l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 bitum r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Bitum l\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 serowlose v\u00e0 benzen. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean bitum th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u bitum<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t, c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c bitum. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u, cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, r\u1eafn hay nh\u1edbt. Bitum d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, l\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bitum l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi! C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bitum \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u1ea7u d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Bitum l\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7u. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bitum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb7ng sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, x\u0103ng, ligroine, d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bitum li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed5i bay d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi Budron, oxy t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a bitum v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cao trong \u0111\u00f3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho Bitum m\u00e1i d\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t GOST \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng bitum c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1ed9n l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau khi ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gh\u00e9p sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ra sau \u0111\u00f3. B\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Bundon b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng propan v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h3>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 bitum<\/h3>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ea3i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Ductylometer, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo. B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb 0 v\u00e0 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9 Celsius. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a bitum c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trang \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt t\u0103ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao. M\u00e1i d\u1ea7u bitum, quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra GOST s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 bitum cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t pentameter \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Khi ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i qua l\u1ed7 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh nh\u1edb h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean &quot;b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng&quot; b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu bitum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 tr\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u1ea5m l\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thanh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 95 \u00b0 C l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 mong manh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bitum. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t trong khi b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u00e0n g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng bitum rolonnoy.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda. Khi bitum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eaft l\u1eeda khi ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u1edf. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1ed9c da h\u01a1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o 200 \u00b0 C l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edbt cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t. X\u00e1c minh kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tinh vi.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi! Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bitum tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi bitum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ecfi, n\u00f3 s\u00f4i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t theo thang \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o n\u1ebfu sau th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1ed9 phim \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 phim ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00f4i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bitum, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u1ea7u bitum, d\u1ea7u l\u1ee3p (GOST)<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo GOST nh\u01b0 sau, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i: gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m, b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng so s\u00e1nh. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u bitum<\/p>\n<p>Ba lo\u1ea1i GOST \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh bn. &quot;Bn &quot; l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a &quot;d\u1ea7u bitum.&quot; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ea7u Bitum v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7u bitum (GOST) (GOST). C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng bitum trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>Bitum, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3p tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch cho c\u1ea3 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Bur (m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p) v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh zona nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bitum, c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3p bitum v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t. Do t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady kh\u1ecfi tia UV, m\u01b0a v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 bitum c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 20 n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, bitum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Bitum cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. Do chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, bitum l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Video v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\n<h3>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa cao su l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 bitum mastic l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7baqyL-DPps\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bitum l\u1ee3p v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tTAFXRoK2m4\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi &quot;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0&quot; C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3p, t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Bitum tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111a n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-useful-tips"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bitum \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Bitum tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0: c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 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