{"id":2815,"date":"2024-07-02T17:43:08","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T14:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/innfes.com\/vi\/heating-of-the-roof-and-drains-calculation-design\/"},"modified":"2024-07-02T17:43:08","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T14:43:08","slug":"heating-of-the-roof-and-drains-calculation-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/innfes.com\/vi\/heating-of-the-roof-and-drains-calculation-design\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi &quot;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0&quot; n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua: l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Tuy\u1ebft t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n t\u1eeb b\u0103ng r\u01a1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong su\u1ed1t m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 b\u0103ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1i hi\u00ean, m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eadp b\u0103ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i &quot;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0&quot; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng hay c\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/h2>\n<p>Snow, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft, g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c &quot;ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t, ru\u1ed3i v\u00e0 tan ch\u1ea3y&quot;:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>V\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<li>V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0.<\/li>\n<li>Tuy\u1ebft m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f3. B\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eb7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng Icicles \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng -By.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, tuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng (&quot;m\u00e1i \u1ea5m&quot;). L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do cho s\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y. N\u01b0\u1edbc tan ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng v\u00e0 icicles khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_1.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n thay cho vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang: s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u00e1y s\u01b0\u1edfi tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_2.jpg\"><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>C\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m. N\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1p d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u00f5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao. Khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua n\u00f3, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i sau bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i b\u1eafp c\u1ea3i: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac (ph\u00edch c\u1eafm).<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn &#8211; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m &#8211; cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i t\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng tay: khi c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a &#8211; b\u1eadt, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang &#8211; t\u1eaft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i: Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1p &#8211; ngu\u1ed3n (\u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u (k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Khi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n \u00edch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (VA): N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 3 pha, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t cho m\u1ed7i pha;<\/li>\n<li>Contactor 4 c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh;<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1eaft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (RCD), ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 30 mA;<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u;<\/li>\n<li>WA cho m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t;<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t: Cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb -8 \u0111\u1ebfn +3 o c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a &quot;\u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf&quot; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u00e1p \u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng, n\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &quot;kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t&quot; c\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, l\u00f5i d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p kim kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi Nichrom), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi v\u1ecf che ch\u1eafn. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_3.jpg\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p;<\/li>\n<li>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (d\u00f2ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>C\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u1edf trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (\u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111i\u1ec7n). Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a hai d\u00f2ng c\u00e1p.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd t\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00f3ng, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>m\u1ed9t -core;<\/li>\n<li>Hai -wire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1p hai l\u00f5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n, k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y c\u00e1p hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong c\u00e1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch c\u00e1p, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong hai n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i &#8211; c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra. C\u00e1p m\u1ed9t \u1edf g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu g\u00e1c m\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0) v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>C\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00f5i s\u01b0\u1edfi c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m Nichrom, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m hai l\u00f5i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, pha v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5m v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c xung quanh ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nichrom \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, c\u00e1p khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft song song v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_4.jpg\"><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m, v\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u1edf l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i n\u00e0o v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u00f5i s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/h3>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2y s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;Matrix&quot; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t polymer \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xung quanh ch\u00fang. Ma tr\u1eadn l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng th\u00ec c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n do \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, polymer tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, n\u00f3 t\u1eaft xu\u1ed1ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch sau:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_5.jpg\"><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 sinh nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>Khi qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, trung b\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00edt h\u01a1n 2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i song song, do \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m. V\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p.<\/li>\n<li>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 30 n\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n (!) nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cao h\u01a1n 3-5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (240 -660 r.\/Pog.m so v\u1edbi 90 &#8211; 150 r.\/Pog.m);<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh, ma tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, v\u00ec v\u1eady khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt, c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cao (b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\n   \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u0103ng, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra, t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ecfi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong su\u1ed1t m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e0i.&quot;\n  <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi m\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chung \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u01a1i cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 sau: n\u00f3i chung:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 &quot;l\u1ea1nh&quot;. Tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u1ea5m \u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo r\u00eca c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: 30 cm t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, do x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tuy\u1ebft, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho cao h\u01a1n 15 tr\u1eadn20 cm. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng, th\u00ec d\u00e2y c\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecdc theo chu vi v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ec5u \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_6.jpg\"><\/li>\n<li>V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c, c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1eb7c. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau &#8211; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng (m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i) tr\u00ean m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 yendov tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. C\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p thon d\u00e0i \u1edf 2\/3 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a thung l\u0169ng ho\u1eb7c thung l\u0169ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 cm t\u1eeb sau, trong khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng d\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 10 &#8211; 15 cm. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_7.jpg\"><\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt (v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt (v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf). \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 sau: V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p b\u1ecb treo \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u00f3 nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Dripping Loop, c\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 5 &#8211; 8 cm. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_8.jpg\"><\/li>\n<li>D\u1ecdc theo m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi 15 cm, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng c\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t. C\u00e1p n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking d\u00e0i 30 &#8211; 40 cm v\u00e0o ph\u1ec5u c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u01b0u. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai lu\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean. Tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, c\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o. B\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (w\/sq. m), \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ee9ng &#8211; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_14.jpg\"><\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng c\u1ed1ng, trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t (k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i), \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi. Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea5m che ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o (tr\u00ean lan can). N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00e1c m\u00e1i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_15.jpg\"><\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u01b0\u1edfi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ma r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi 150 mm: tr\u00ean &quot;l\u1ea1nh&quot; M\u00e1i nh\u00e0 &#8211; 30 &#8211; 60 W\/m, tr\u00ean &quot;\u1ea5m&quot; &#8211; 100 W\/m;<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 150 mm: 200 w\/sq. m;<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 (Cornice Ovhang): Tr\u00ean &quot;L\u1ea1nh&quot; M\u00e1i nh\u00e0 &#8211; l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 150 w\/sq. M, tr\u00ean &quot;\u1ea5m \u00e1p&quot; &#8211; 200 &#8211; 250 w\/sq. m;<\/li>\n<li>Trong Yendov: 250 &#8211; 300 w\/sq. m;<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00ean m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng xung quanh c\u00e1c khay tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi lan can: 40 &#8211; 80 w\/sq. m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i vai c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 17 w\/m n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 20 w\/m.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfp theo, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m bao l\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau chu\u1ed7i, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 120 \u0111\u1ebfn 150 m\u00e9t (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1p). M\u1ed9t RCD \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eebng m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e1i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00ean li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>m\u00e1y khoan;<\/li>\n<li>ve \u0111inh t\u00e1n;<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1i v\u1eb7n v\u00edt;<\/li>\n<li>c\u00e2y b\u00faa;<\/li>\n<li>roulette;<\/li>\n<li>v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng;<\/li>\n<li>Megomometer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u GE Gray RTV 167, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u keo chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i trong \u0111\u00f3 \u1ed1c v\u00edt ho\u1eb7c m\u00f3ng tay kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n<h3>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_16.jpg\"><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>C\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, v\u1eabn s\u1eeda c\u00e1p, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean keo. N\u1ebfu, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, c\u00e1p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng g\u1eafn, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean m\u00e1ng. Khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111inh t\u00e1n, ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t tr\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p, quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u0103ng g\u1eafn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cho \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t) &#8211; 25 cm;<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh &#8211; 50 cm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1, n\u00ean c\u00e1ch nhau 25 cm30 cm l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n r\u1ed1i c\u00e1p trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t n\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t;<\/li>\n<li>k\u00e9o v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c;<\/li>\n<li>\u0111i b\u1ed9 xung quanh d\u00e2y c\u00e1p;<\/li>\n<li>b\u00f3p ho\u1eb7c xo\u1eafn n\u00f3;<\/li>\n<li>ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>T\u1ee9c bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1p gi\u1eadn d\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch leo b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng g\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u1ed0ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1p b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1p kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecf polymer n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 6 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_9.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t &quot;v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt&quot; Trong ph\u1ec5u c\u00e1p, ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t khung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1p trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng, m\u1ed9t khung kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<h3>VIDEO: C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m<\/h3>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1EjzIwfeMXw?feature=oembed\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ruy b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p l\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. D\u1ea3i b\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt t\u1ef1 khai th\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e1i m\u1ec1m, d\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng keo \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ea5t tr\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u1ed1c v\u00edt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7 l\u1ee3p. Thay v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t tr\u00e1m, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp metrite m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ea3i b\u0103ng cho c\u00e1p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb 7.5 cm b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. B\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u1ebfu g\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf keo d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 trong b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 kh\u00f4, anh ta ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00edt ho\u1eb7c \u0111inh t\u1ef1 khai.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p \u1ea5m bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u0103ng g\u1eafn. 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 25 cm l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n   Ng\u00e0y nay, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m k\u1eb9p clip, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00ecm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p, v\u1edbi c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c k\u1eb9p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng keo, v\u00edt t\u1ef1 khai th\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c m\u00f3ng tay.\n  <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_10.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c: C\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_11.jpg\"><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Mang c\u00e1p trong c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 sung (ngo\u00e0i b\u0103ng g\u1eafn). C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u00e1p tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 trong m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u00e9p m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u00e1p b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>Sau khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ec5u v\u00e0 m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p l\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang, n\u00ean s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i, s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t danh, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Video: \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f3ng tuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7NnfHkfV2IM?feature=oembed\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t megammeter \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 500 v\u00e0 1000 V, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 2500 V \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng; N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1eefa b\u00edm t\u00f3c kim lo\u1ea1i che ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1eefa b\u00edm kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu c\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_12.jpg\"><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean megammeter \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea3 hai t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i xen k\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u1edbi b\u00edm kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u00e2m.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eadt Metometer, \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 500 V v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf.<\/li>\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 1 v\u00e0 2.5 kV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1eaft Metometer v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 n\u00f3 qua m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t (n\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 thu)).<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu c\u00e1p n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u00edm kim lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>N\u00f3i chung, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1ea1ch, c\u1ea3 ba \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 1000 m\u1eb9. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u00f5i v\u00e0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ba \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n 25% trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. Ohms n\u00ean l\u00e0 ba. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 100 ohms bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 trong k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf sau khi ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\"  src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/obogrev-krovli-i-vodostokov-raschet-proektirovanie_13.jpg\"><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n<li>Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cho n\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a RCD. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u: H\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch c\u00e1p n\u00f3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p RCD. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng vi sai m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n;<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng;<\/li>\n<li>Giao th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp b\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1p theo lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1i, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u00edch t\u1ee5 b\u0103ng. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i, thung l\u0169ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1i hi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh m\u00e1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do t\u00edch t\u1ee5 b\u0103ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn, ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p xung quanh ch\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f9a ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00f9a n\u00e0y qua m\u00f9a kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba.<\/p>\n<h2>Video v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\n<h3>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: \u1ed1c v\u00edt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1p s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/a3-zLl9tLi8\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-F-K6pRtE-I\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e1i s\u01b0\u1edfi, t\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YLnTy7Y8VdE\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lUkS_KOIRLQ\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh! L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/N2qB6549hZs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi &quot;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0&quot; n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua: l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-roof-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. 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