{"id":3143,"date":"2024-07-02T10:52:17","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T07:52:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/innfes.com\/vi\/rafters-from-board-50x150\/"},"modified":"2024-07-02T10:52:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T07:52:17","slug":"rafters-from-board-50x150","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/innfes.com\/vi\/rafters-from-board-50x150\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e8 t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng 50×150"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang b\u00e8 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho b\u00e8 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng 50×150 milimet. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 g\u1ed7 r\u1eafn n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

50×150 mm l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o cho chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebft \u1edf v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng gi\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gi\u00f3. Theo th\u1eddi gian, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Rafter b\u1ea3ng 50×150 mm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kho nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch cho c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng do t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng 50×150 mm cho b\u00e8 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng<\/td>\n50×150 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nh\u1ecbp l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/td>\nL\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 3 m\u00e9t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/td>\nC\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng 600 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/td>\nN\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trung gian n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t<\/td>\nKh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 an to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m tr\u1ea7n trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 8 x 8 m l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Cho ph\u00e9p chi\u1ec1u cao ba m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Ngay khi h\u00e0nh lang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, Mauerlat b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Flush v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i. G\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba cm so v\u1edbi g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi n\u00f3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, t\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang Mauerlat. \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi g\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00f9m tia<\/h3>\n

D\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang \u0111o chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c. Ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 40 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 cm. Brus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m. Nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00ean Internet. M\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100 x 200 mm s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u1ecdc theo m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean khi c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u00f9m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n m\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t Mauerlat d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fang. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00f9m tia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y +m\u1eadt10 mm. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec? R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n v\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u00e8, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t khi ch\u1ecdn b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m tia. N\u1ebfu b\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng 50×150 mm, b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 60 s\u1eaft70 mm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 60, t.\u0110\u1ebeN. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y s\u01b0\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Sau khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea7m d\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ng\u1eafn. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean hai d\u1ea7m c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea3y x\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khung h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

150 m\u00f3ng tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m. V\u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng t\u1ef1a, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecd? Ch\u1ed1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c zaruses ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1eaft trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

S\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 sau khi c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3ng s\u00e0n, inch cho anh \u1ea5y. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc theo m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng 50 x 150 mm v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. B\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ba m\u00e9t. C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo sau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t d\u00e2y v\u00e0 trung gian. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch \u1edf t\u1ea7ng hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 trang tr\u1ea1i Rafter \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 trung gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1. N\u00f3i chung, m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 trong \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn Mauerlat.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng 50×200 mm. 50 x 150 mm v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 250 x 150 mm \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bu\u1ed9c n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ch\u00f9m \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kia \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Khi hai d\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra, ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u0169 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n sao l\u01b0u tr\u00ean ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Rafters. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00f4i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u00f9m tia ngo\u00e0i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi rafter m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c b\u00e8 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ngay sau khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean v\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. Con ng\u1ef1a ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1ebfu m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c d\u00e0i?<\/h3>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn thay th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u01a1n s\u00e1u m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • B\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01b0a. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn r\u01b0\u1ee1i, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a gi\u1edd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 may hai b\u1ea3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch may cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 1.5-2 m. Kh\u1edbp l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 b\u1ed5 sung cho n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Skate c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba c\u00e1i \u0111inh gi\u1eef chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o ch\u00f9m tia ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau. S\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng khi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1i \u0111inh v\u00e0o ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. K\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. T.e. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi ch\u00f9m tia.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thanh ngang v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e8 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo. Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u00ean m\u00e1i g\u00e1c m\u00e1i t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i khi khung c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Rigel s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00e8.<\/p>\n

    Sau trang tr\u1ea1i Rafter, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ed5 sung, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 khung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

    C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf sau \u0111\u00f3. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 trung t\u00e2m. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mang tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng inch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p sau khi khung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c bao quanh chu vi c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p. B\u1ea3ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 25 x 200 mm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0. Sau \u0111\u00f3, hai v\u00e0nh \u0111ai bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 25 x 100 mm trong m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e2u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c t\u1eeb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Sofita c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n

    V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 treo kim lo\u1ea1i cho c\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n. Th\u1eadt thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ghim x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, m\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean, ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean h\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a phim \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp theo. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u1eebng. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 da b\u00ean gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

    Khi s\u1eeda m\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray v\u00e0o b\u00e8 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft 25 x 50 mm. \u0110\u00e3, m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng kh\u00e1c. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p c\u0169ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bnh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u00f4 ra v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p sau th\u00f9ng. Theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • D\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00f4 ra c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt t\u1ef1a. Ritter 25×150 mm.<\/li>\n
    • Mares \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt t\u1ef1. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng 1 m\u00e9t gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n
    • Hai v\u00e0nh \u0111ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5 v\u00e0o Filly \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang 25×100 mm. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, ch\u00fang kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 che ch\u1edf cho ph\u1ea7n nh\u00f4 ra v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 50 x 150 mm trong m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n m\u00e0u. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 hai v\u00e0nh \u0111ai \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh cho h\u1ecd t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n 25 x 100 mm.<\/p>\n

      Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n n\u00ean k\u00eau g\u1ecdi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 n\u0103m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u1ea5m c\u00fang v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i cho b\u1ea1n, mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

      Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau<\/h2>\n

      Khung m\u00e1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e8 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Rafter s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c? \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1i, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n rafter v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa b\u00e8 tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8<\/h2>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u thay \u0111\u1ed5i 60 cm, v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n rafter trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

      C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00e8. B\u1edfi gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o;<\/li>\n
      • Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chia cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 60 cm, th\u00ec b\u1ed9 chia s\u1ebd l\u00e0 0.6;<\/li>\n
      • sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e8 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c m\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c b\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c cho s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e8.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh d\u00e0i 25 5 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 0.D\u00e0i 6 m\u00e9t, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

        25.5: 0.6 = 42.5 + 1 = 43.5; K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 44; Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n b\u00e8 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

        H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, 25.5: 44 = 0.58 (m\u00e9t) l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c b\u00e8.<\/p>\n

        B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch c\u00e1ch xa nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00e0y. b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u1ec1 b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Rafter cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia.<\/p>\n

        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Rafter cho b\u1ea3ng s\u00f3ng<\/h2>\n

        Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Rafters n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 600 mm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m s\u00f3ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 900 mm. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ngang ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

        50×100 ho\u1eb7c 50×150 mm; \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn "k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng Rafferty tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0."<\/p>\n

        C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng b\u1ea3ng 30×100 mm l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m s\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh thang, b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng s\u00e2n 500 mm ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n. \u041e \u043b \u043b. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p g\u1eafn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac rafter cho g\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1m<\/h2>\n

        B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1m, n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n g\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 sau m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c b\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 40 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 kg m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

        M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khung nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb g\u1ed7 kh\u00f4 v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 15%. M\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m tia c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 50 x 150 mm ho\u1eb7c 60 x 180 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (cho \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady). Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Rafter dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 80 \u0111\u1ebfn 130 cm, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 d\u1ed1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8 l\u00e0 80 cm \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang 15 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 130 cm \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 75 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e8 khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn khi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 ng\u1eafn. Mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a Rafter t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 80 \u0111\u1ebfn 85 cm, vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi 45 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i g\u1ed1m l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a thanh th\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i g\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 mua. C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i 400 mm v\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 55 \u0111\u1ebfn 90 mm l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thanh c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng l\u00e0 310 H\u00e0ng345 mm, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a g\u1ea1ch \u00edt h\u01a1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean (xem "th\u00f9ng m\u00e1i cho g\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i: l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 g\u1eafn")).<\/p>\n

        \u0412 \u043e \u0438 \u0438 \u043e \u043e. M\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c m\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng (xem b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft "B\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng s\u00f3ng" \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin).<\/p>\n

        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Rafter cho G\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

        V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi s\u00e0n g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00ec g\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Rafter cho g\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

        T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa g\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 35 kg tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n m\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t rafter trong khi gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Rafter v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a thanh c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00e2n Rafter \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1ch nhau 600 \u0111\u1ebfn 950 mm b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 150 x 50 mm. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t d\u00e0y 150 mm gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i trong kh\u00f4ng gian g\u00e1c m\u00e1i. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t 200 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 khoan c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 mm.<\/p>\n

        Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng rafter cho g\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thay v\u00ec l\u1eafp v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00ean trong b\u00e8 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean. L\u01b0u th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        S\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8 khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi thay th\u1ebf Mauerlat b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean (xem "C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u00e8 tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0").<\/p>\n

        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Rafter cho Ondulin<\/h2>\n

        Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi ondulin, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a Rafters kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 900 mm v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Rafter n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 600 mm. \u0110\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ecf trong khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho b\u00e8, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 50 x 200 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

        H\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u1eeb thanh 40×50 mm v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc giao nhau 60 cm tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Rafter (xem b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft "ondulin ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i – t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n").<\/p>\n

        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Rafter cho L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u1eeb Slate<\/h2>\n

        Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u. C\u00e1c b\u00e8 v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang 50×100 ho\u1eb7c 50×150 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 800 mm v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 600 mm n\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho Rafters (\u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin, xem "C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e8 tr\u00ean nh\u00e0").<\/p>\n

        S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng 25×100 mm ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f9m g\u1ed7 v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft 50×50 mm \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00f9ng. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi g\u00f3c d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, t\u1ea5m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o 4 thanh v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc 45 cm v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, 3 thanh v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

        Video l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n tr\u00ean tay b\u1eb1ng tay<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n

        \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Stepl, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Rafter trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

        L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u00e8 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

        Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n

        Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef "B\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u00e8" \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hai ch\u00e2n. V\u1ebd t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e8 \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 60 cm, trong khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 1 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 c\u00e1ch xa nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l;<\/li>\n
        2. Ti\u1ebfp theo, chia \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng (B\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 m, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 1 m, v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc 0.6 m – chia th\u00e0nh 0.6 v\u00e0 t. D. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y;<\/li>\n
        3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e8 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n;<\/li>\n
        4. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e8 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c – b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u00e8.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          B\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00e8 v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

          Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p d\u00e0i 12 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 0.8 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

          12 m \/ 0.8 m = 15 + 1 = 16. L\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c m\u00e1i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi cho 16 chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8.<\/p>\n

          Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u00e8 tr\u00ean d\u1ed1c l\u00e0 12 m \/ 16 m\u1ea3nh = 0.75 m.<\/p>\n

          Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chung kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Rafter.<\/p>\n

          L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 g\u1ea1ch Coramic<\/h2>\n

          C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t. G\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1eb7ng. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i kV c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m l\u1ee3p l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 40 s\u1eaft60 kg tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

          Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i ng\u00f3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

          Do \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ed7 kh\u00f4 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 15% n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn Rafter cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khung n\u00e0y. Khung m\u00e1i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m tia v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft 50*150 mm (60*180 mm l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady).<\/p>\n

          B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 80 cm v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u00e0ng m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

          Khi g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang l\u00e0 45 \u0111\u1ed9, b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng 80 cm; \u1ede 75 \u0111\u1ed9, b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng th\u00eam 100 cm.<\/p>\n

          Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e8 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

          B\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e9t n\u00f3 l\u00ean b\u00e8, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1i g\u1ed1m. Lo\u1ea1i g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

          L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

          C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e0n g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • G\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi cao -tech khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, do th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3;<\/li>\n
          • V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 1m2 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 35 kg, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh, t\u0103ng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thanh c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

            M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Rafter l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc cho g\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

            L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n rafter cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec5n ra trong ph\u1ea1m vi 600 Nott950 mm, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 150*50 mm c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

            Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft 30*50 mm c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoan v\u00e0o b\u00e8 g\u1ea7n c\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

            T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Rafter c\u1ee7a G\u1ea1ch kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e8.<\/p>\n

            Do b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 do gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00fap l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e0n nh\u00e0, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

            S\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u00e8 n\u1ebfu m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo c\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng mauerlat truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1eaft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u00e8 cho b\u1ea3ng n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p<\/h2>\n

            Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng s\u00f3ng, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 60 N\u00e9m90 cm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

            H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

            N\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ngang (th\u00f9ng) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n Rafters th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o 50 x 100 ho\u1eb7c 50 x 150 mm.<\/p>\n

            B\u1ea3ng \u0111o 30 x 100 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m th\u00f9ng b\u1ea3ng s\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 50 cm tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

            \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c trong th\u00f9ng v\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0y h\u01a1n 10-15 mm so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

            L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e8 d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

            Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Slate l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ee3p kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn b\u00e8 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft t\u1eeb 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 150 mm v\u00e0 g\u1eafn ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch nhau 600 \u0111\u1ebfn 800 mm \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

            B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn b\u00e8 v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft 50*100 mm v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 700 mm (600-800 mm) b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

            B\u1ea3ng g\u1ed7 25*100 mm ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f9m g\u1ed7 50*50 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

            Khi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean 4 thanh, ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng 45 cm. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, 3 thanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc 630 tr\u1eeb650 mm, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Rafter, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e8 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

            K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi ch\u1ecdn b\u00e8 cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng 50×150 mm. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng 50×150 milimet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, t\u1eeb m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. So v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e8, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

            \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi ch\u1ecdn b\u00e8. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 50 x 150 mm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

            \n Tr\u00ean "T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0" Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e8 b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 50 x 150. Do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch m\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1ee3p d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.\n <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

            Video v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\n

            Mauerlat t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng 150×50 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed<\/h3>\n