Rafters from a profile pipe

Any roof structure must have rafters because they provide the structural support and weather resistance for the roof covering. Wood was used to make rafters in the past because it was strong and flexible. However, because of their longevity and simplicity of installation, profile pipe rafters have become more and more popular in recent years.

Usually constructed of galvanized steel or another strong metal, a profile pipe rafter is a hollow tube with a predetermined cross-sectional profile. By improving the strength-to-weight ratio of the rafter, this design allows it to be lighter than conventional wooden rafters without sacrificing strong structural integrity. This feature is especially helpful in areas that frequently experience extreme weather.

The resistance of profile pipe rafters to corrosion and moisture is one of its main advantages. The longevity of the roof structure is increased by the ability of steel profile pipes to resist rust and decay, in contrast to wood, which can deteriorate over time when exposed to moisture. Because of their longevity and decreased maintenance needs, profile pipe rafters are an affordable long-term investment.

Compared to traditional wooden rafters, profile pipe rafters are easier to install and can often be finished faster. Because profile pipes come in standard sizes and shapes, accurate cutting and fitting are made possible, guaranteeing a tight and stable roof structure. Furthermore, these rafters can be tailored to suit different roof styles and weight loads, providing flexibility for building projects.

Rafters from the pipe: types and features of farms from profile pipes

A tree, or a wooden beam or boards, is the most common material used for rafters. However, using wooden rafters is impractical and frequently impossible when erecting overall buildings with span lengths of more than 24 m and a length of slopes of more than 10 m. Their weight plus the weight of the roofing material will be too much for them to bear. For this reason, the roof in this instance is supported by metal rafters, which can be constructed from a variety of profiled materials. The rafters from the pipe, which can block the flight of any required length, is one of the most popular options.

Using the rafters from pipes

Generally speaking, metal rafters are employed in the construction of public and industrial structures. Hypermarkets, athletic complexes, workshops, and warehouses are a few examples.

Residential building roofs constructed on an individual basis hardly ever use metal. Costly, there are installation and transportation challenges. Indeed, and no requirement. It makes sense to use wood materials in this situation. But in private building, metal rafters (farms) are also given a special place. Utilize them to build different kinds of awnings, such as those for courtyards, pools, and cars (covered parking).

Among the benefits of metal farms are the following:

• high strength, which allows to withstand heavy loads;
• the ability to block large spans;
• the possibility of use on geometrically complex objects;
• durability.

The following are the drawbacks:

• large weight, when raising farms to a height, the use of special equipment is required;
• high price;
• Low resistance to high temperature, as a result of which, in case of fire, metal rafters (farms) sag and collapse in 15-30 minutes.

Profile pipe – our option

Metal farms are typically constructed from a variety of products and their combinations. Channels, corners, losers, etc. are a few examples. Profile pipes are another.

What makes a pipe good? Because of the high degree of streamlines in its contours, wind pressure is reduced. For tall objects that are subject to wind loads, this is crucial. In addition, profile pipes are easier to paint and have a higher corrosion resistance than other products because moisture (snow, hoarfrost, and water) does not accumulate on their walls. correspondingly more durable and elevated.

The profile pipes appear massive, but they are light because there is emptiness inside of them. This characteristic enables you to lessen the roof structure’s weight on the foundation and walls. However, in order to stop moisture from getting inside and causing corrosion, these cavities must be sealed off from the ends of the products.

Metal is rolled and processed on specialized machinery to create metal profile pipes. The pipe section that is obtained in this manner may be square, rectangular, or oval.

Typically, structural steel is used to make profile pipes. However, galvanized steel or aluminum alloys are occasionally utilized in the building of special purpose structures.

The brand of metal used, the product’s wall thickness, and the manufacturing process all affect the loads that the profile pipe can support.

The pipes range in length from 6 meters for small sections to 12 meters for larger sections. Minimum section sizes are 10 x 10 mm and 15 x 15 mm, with 1 mm and 1.5 mm for the wall thicknesses, respectively. Such cross-sectioned pipes are utilized for lightweight, small-scale constructions (like little canopies). An increase in section size and wall thickness causes the profiles’ weight and strength to increase. Pipes with maximum sections (300x300x12 mm and above) are therefore primarily used in industrial buildings.

Pipel farm structure

A farm is the basic building block of the rafter metal system; it is a level structure made up of multiple straight rods. The upper and lower belts are formed by the farm contour. There’s a grille made of racks and braces between them.

Straight profile pipes, or farm elements, can be connected to one another directly or via nodal styles. Use bolts, rivets, or welding to secure objects.

Standard-sized and constructed metal farms can be purchased already assembled or manually gathered from pipes. Independent manufacturing, however, necessitates a high level of professionalism as well as the capacity to accurately calculate and work with metal structures. Thus, buying pre-made farms that only need to be properly mounted is far more convenient for a private developer.

Farm structures

Metal farms can vary in terms of their design, function, and capacity to sense loads.

Upper and lower belts are the basic components of the farm. They draw out the circuit from above and below, creating a circuit. A belt is a rod made of one or more solutions that can be broken or straight.

The following are the farm belt contours as shown by the profile:

• with parallel belts (flat roof);
• trapezoidal;
• triangular;
• polygonal;
• segmented.

Farms with horizontal, or parallel, belts are the most basic type, consisting of a rectangular shape with uniformly long horizontal belts. includes a large number of the identical details found in the same length lattice. There is a single, cohesive design. This type of farm is used to construct flat roofs because its belt is horizontally exposed. Including for coatings on soft roofing.

A trapezoid (or two closed trapezes) is the shape of a trapezoidal construction. utilized when building roofs with a slight inclination. Stronger and more rigid farm nodes are their defining characteristics. Since the central section lacks long rods, the trapeziidal version is thought to use metal very sparingly.

Farms in triangles They are used to put together the gable roof (awning) rafter system, and they resemble triangles in shape. It is feasible to use on steep slopes regardless of the inclination angle. When putting together triangular farms, use a sophisticated device to precisely calculate and fix support nodes. An additional feature is the use of elongated rods in the central portion of the structure. The longer the rods, the colder the sides of the "triangle". This means that more pipe is needed during their manufacture.

Polygonal farms have intricate outlines that resemble an arched upper contour. possess greater strength; as a result, they are employed in large, hefty structures with long spans. You can save a significant amount of profile in polygonal farms because of the unique placement of the elements. but only in the case of substantial buildings. When selecting a polygonal option, light designs will not result in savings.

Segment farms are uncommon due to their intricacy. possess an arched shape, with the upper belt’s outline curved and semicircular. Because this outline replicates the diagram of the moments, the segment farm requires less metal. But once more, the intricacy of production linked to intricate construction nodes renders it highly unpopular.

Apart from the belts found in the farm’s design, a lattice is also included. This consists of a set of direct elements, such as braces and racks, arranged in a specific order between the belts to secure them together. The type of grate determines the farm’s strength, weight, appearance, and manufacturing complexity.

Common grate systems include the following ones:

The components of the triangular grate system are displayed as repeated triangles. Ideal for farms with trapezoidal and parallel belts. There are two types of supporting braces in a structure: ascending and descending. The force from the points of the applied load to the support, the minimum number of nodes with the smallest path, and the minimum total grille length are the characteristics of the triangular system. In the grate, there are lengthy brackets that are used for compression. It is necessary to increase the amount of metal used in the calculation so that the brace design acquires the necessary stability. Almost the only drawback of triangle grilles is their increased profile consumption.

Salad lattice: a configuration with a lot of braces and few racks. The effort travels far, avoiding all of the grate’s lines and nodes, from the location of the applied load to the support. Braces should be able to stretch, and racks should be able to compress. The design necessitates the use of more profile because of the numerous long braces that are used. These lattices are employed in low farms that are meant to endure a lot of strain.

Sparengel grille: intricate and time-consuming to design. It is employed in tall triangular farms (4-5 m) intended for wide spans (20–24 m). You can shorten the compressed rods’ length because of where the elements are located in it.

Cross grill: racks are positioned in between the crosswise-installed brackets. Farmers that perceive a bilateral load use these lattices. This kind of load is typical of vertical bond farms of masts and towers, as well as horizontal bond farms of roofs of production buildings and bridges.

Two distinct systems are employed in semi-divided and rhombic lattice designs. They become more rigid as a result. Bridges, masts, and tower structures all use these kinds of lattices.

The main nodes of pipes from pipes

Nodes are the compounds that make up the farm elements. Typically, there is no need for intermediary details like styles; instead, the grille pipes are adjusted directly to the belts. To stop corrosion, make sure the pipes’ interior cavities are completely tight when connecting.

Metal linings can be used to strengthen belt pipes if their thickness is low. They can be removed from a pipe whose diameter matches the belt’s diameter. Alternately, employ the bent metal sheet in this capacity, which has a belt wall thickness of 1-2 thickness.

You must calculate the processing of the pipe ends in the nodes. It is acceptable to flatter the ends in the nodes of pipes made of plate steel (such as low-carbon) if there are no specialized processing machines. There are instances where the farm’s components are connected using shackles.

Welding is used to secure the pipe along its entire length. The identically sized pipes are joined to the VSK and evenly welded to the lining ring. The welding seam is completed in accordance with the oblique if the melted metal exhibits low calculated resistance. The pair ring lining, which is also used to connect the pipes, is cut out of pipes with a diameter that is the same as or greater than the fastened parts or bent from a metal sheet. The weld and lining thicknesses ought to be 20% greater than the pipe connections’ thickness.

End gaskets are a viable option for joining pipes with varying diameters. During installation, flang compounds with bolts are also practiced.

Therefore, the design, production, and installation of farms made of profile pipes are intricate, responsible processes that call for a qualified methodology. However, these farms are essential during the building of workshops, warehouses, and trade pavilions. The longevity and security of long, bulky objects with a heavy roof design can only be guaranteed by them.

We determine whether the pipe can be used to create rafters. Which pipes are appropriate for using in the rafter system’s construction. Characteristics of the calculations and pipe selection.

How to make farms from a profile pipe – design options, choice of material

Throughout the construction industry, farms made of profile pipes are frequently utilized. Constructively, these farms are made of metal, with individual rods arranged in a lattice pattern. The farm differs from structures made of entire beams in that it is more complex and costs less. Both the welded method and rivets can be used to join profile pipes.

Metal profile farms can be used to create any length of span; however, the design must be as accurate as possible prior to assembly in order for this to be feasible. The completed farm simply needs to be raised and placed on strapping that has been prepared, assuming the metal farm’s calculation was accurate and all work related to the assembly of metal structures was completed correctly.

Advantages of using metal rafters

Farms using profile pipes have a number of benefits, including:

• Small weight of the structure;
• Long service life;
• Excellent strength indicators;
• The possibility of creating structures of complex configuration;
• Acceptable cost of metal elements.

Classification of farms from a profile pipe

There are a few general parameters shared by all metal structures that allow farms to be classified into different types.

Among these parameters are:

1. The number of belts. Metal farms can have only one belt, and then the whole structure will lie in one plane, or two belts. In the latter case, the farm will be called hanging. The construction of the farm hanging includes two belts – the upper and lower.
2. Form. There is an arched farm, straight, single -shock and gable.
3. Circuit.
4. Tilt angle.

Depending on the contours, the following categories of metal structures can be distinguished:

1. Parallel. Such structures are most often used as a support for arranging a roof made of soft roofing materials. A farm with a parallel belt is created from the same details with identical dimensions.
2. Single -toe farms. Structures with one slop are inexpensive, since some materials are required for their manufacture. The finished design is quite hardy, which is ensured by the rigidity of the nodes.
3. Polygonal farms. These designs are characterized by very good bearing capacity, but you have to pay for it – polygonal metal structures are very inconvenient in installation.
4. Triangular farms. As a rule, farms with a triangular contour are used to install roofs located under a large inclination. Of the shortcomings of such farms, it is worth noting a large number of unnecessary costs associated with the mass of waste during production.

How to calculate the angle of inclination

The farm is separated into three categories based on the inclination angle:

1. 22-30 degrees. In this case, the ratio of the length and height of the finished structure is 5: 1. Farmers with such an inclination, differing in small weight, are great for arranging small length spans in private construction. As a rule, farms with such an inclination have a triangular contour.
2. 15-22 degrees. In the design with this size of the length of the length exceeds the height by seven times. Farms of this species cannot have a length of more than 20 m. If it is necessary to increase the height of the finished structure to the lower belt give a broken shape.
3. 15 and less. The best option in this case will be metal rafters from a profile pipe connected in the form of a trapezoid – short racks will reduce the effect of longitudinal bending on the structure.

When it comes to spans longer than fourteen meters, slants are required. There needs to be a panel on the upper belt that is between 150 and 250 cm long. Two belts will make up the design when there are an even number of panels. The metal structure must be reinforced with extra supporting components connected by support columns for spans longer than 20 meters.

If required, the completed metal structure’s weight should be decreased with consideration for the Polonsso farm. It consists of two triangle systems joined by a tightening. You can eliminate the need for large braces in medium panels by using such a scheme.

You must keep in mind that the final design for farms with single-sided roofs should not be symmetrical when designing slopes of between 6 and 10 degrees.

Calculation of a metal farm

All of the state-mandated requirements for metal structures must be considered in the calculations. At the design stage, it is essential to prepare a high-quality drawing that will show all the components of the farm, their sizes, and the features of the connection with the support structure in order to create the most reliable and effective design possible.

It is important to determine the needs for a completed farm before calculating the farm for a canopy. From there, you can build on savings and cut out unnecessary expenses. The type of floor, the overall weight of the design, and the potential for further displacement all affect the farm’s height. The intended slope determines the metal structure’s length (for structures longer than 36 meters, the construction lift calculation is also necessary).

The panels you choose must be able to support the loads that the farm will experience. When selecting panels, one must also consider the angle size of the flats, as they can vary in size. Triangle grates have an angle of 45 degrees, and a slanted angle of 35 degrees.

The determination of the distance at which the nodes will be created in relation to one another marks the conclusion of the roof calculation from the profile pipe. This indicator typically corresponds to the width of the panels that have been chosen. 1.7 meters is the ideal step for the structure’s overall support step.

Understanding that a structure’s bearing capacity will increase with height is important when calculating a single-shoe farm. If required, it is also worthwhile to add multiple stiffeners to the farm diagram in order to improve the structure.

Examples of calculation

When selecting pipes for metal farms, it’s a good idea to start with these suggestions:

• For arranging structures with a width of less than 4.5 m, pipes with a cross section of 40×20 mm with a wall thickness of 2 mm are suitable;
• With a design width of 4.5 to 5.5 m, 40 mm square profile pipes with a 2-mm wall are suitable;
• For large-sized metal structures, the same pipes as in the previous case, but with a 3-mm wall, or pipes with a cross section of 60×30 mm with a 2-mm wall are suitable.

The cost of materials is the final parameter, to which the computations should also be made. First and foremost, the cost of the pipes must be considered (keep in mind that the weight of the pipes, not their length, determines their price). Second, you ought to inquire about the price of thorough work related to the production of metal structures.

Recommendations for the selection of pipes and the manufacture of metal structures

The following advice should be familiar to you before you cook farms and choose the best materials for the next design:

• Studying the pipe variety of on the market, it is worth giving preference to rectangular or square products – the presence of stiffness ribs significantly increases their strength;
• Choosing pipes for the rafter system, it is best to opt for stainless steel stainless products (the sizes of pipes are determined by the project);
• During the installation of the main elements of the farm, settings and double corners are used;
• In the upper belts, I -beam corners with different sides are usually used to connect the frame, the smaller of which is necessary for joining;
• For installation of the lower belt, corners with equal sides are quite suitable;
• The main elements of large -sized structures are attached to each other with overhead plates;
• The brackets are mounted at an angle of 45 degrees, and the racks-under the 90-degree inclination.
• When a metal farm for a canopy is welded, it is worth making sure that each welded seam is quite reliable;
• After welded work, the metal structural elements remains with protective compounds and paint.

Farms made from profile pipes can be used to solve a variety of issues and are highly adaptable. Farm manufacturing is not a simple process, but if you approach every step of the process with responsibility, the end product will be a high-quality and dependable design.

Farms from a profile pipe: manufacturing, calculating the design of the rafters, cooking a single-to-shuttle canopy, and calculating a metal rectangular and arched farm

Farms from a profile pipe: manufacturing, calculating the design of the rafters, cooking a single-to-shuttle canopy, and calculating a metal rectangular and arched farm

Calculation and manufacture of farms from a profile pipe

For the installation of farms, you can design structures that can support heavy loads by using profile pipes. Light metal buildings can be used for building frameworks, installing roof supports, and installing visors and chimney frames. The specifics of use, whether in the household or industrial domain, dictate the kind and size of the farms. If the farm is not accurately calculated from the profile pipe, the design might not be able to support operational loads.

A canopy of farms with arches

Although the installation complexity of metal farms from pipelines varies, they are less expensive and lighter than structures made of continuous beams. In the transverse section, the round or cold-processed profiled pipe takes the shape of a rectangle, square, polyhedron, oval, semi-oval, or flat oval. Farms are best mounted from square pipes for convenience.

A farm is a metal structure that consists of the grill that sits between the upper and lower belts. The lattice’s components are as follows:

• Stand – located perpendicular to the axis;
• Satcusion (Subbroaches) – installed under an angle to the axis;
• Sprengel (auxiliary subtise).

Components of a metal farm’s structure

The main purpose of farms is to overlap spans. Even when using long structures in structures with large spans, they do not deform because of the stiffness of the ribs.

Metal farms are made either on the ground or under production settings. The most common ways to join profile pipe components are with a welding machine or by riveting; pairings of materials can also be used. The completed farms are raised and fastened to the upper binding in accordance with the markup in order to mount the frame of the canopy, visor, and capital roofs.

To block spans, metal farms have a variety of options. The layout may be:

Profile pipe triangle farms are utilized as rafters for a variety of purposes, such as the installation of a straightforward canopy with a single slope. Arch-shaped metal structures are common because of their beautiful appearance. Arched structures, however, call for the most precise calculations because the load on the profile has to be evenly distributed.

For a single-tocate structure, a triangle farm

Features of structures

The estimated operating loads determine which profile pipe, visor, or rafter system to use for the farms of canopies beneath the roof. The quantity of belts varies:

• supports, the components of which form one plane;
• suspended structures, which include the upper and lower belt.

You can use farms with varying contours in construction:

• with a parallel belt (the easiest and most economical option is assembled from identical elements);
• single -sided triangular (each support node is characterized by increased rigidity, due to which the design withstands serious external loads, the material consumption of farms is small);
• polygonal (withstand loads from heavy flooring, but complex in installation);
• trapezoidal (similar in characteristics with polygonal farms, but this option is simpler in design);
• gable triangular (used for roofing with steep slopes, characterized by high material consumption, during installation there are many waste);
• segmental (suitable for structures with a translucent roof of polycarbonate, installation is complicated due to the need to make arched elements with perfect geometry for uniform distribution of loads).

The belts of farms and their outlines

Typical farms are classified into the following types based on the size of the angle of inclination:

1. Angle from 22 to 30 degrees. Metal structure from a profile pipe for a canopy or other roof structure has a height ratio to a length of 1: 5.
2. For spans of small and medium length, triangular farms from small cross -section pipes are most often used – they are light and at the same time hard;
3. With a span length of more than 14 meters, the braces installed from top to bottom are used, and a panel of 150-250 cm long is attached to the upper belt to get a two-hand design with an even number of panels;
4. For spans with a length of more than 20 meters, to eliminate the deflection of the farm, it is required to install a undergone structure connected by support columns.
5. Separately, it is worth considering the Polonsso farm, which is made in the form of two triangular systems interconnected through a puff. This makes it possible not to mount long braces in medium panels, due to which the total weight of the structure is noticeably reduced. Rafters Polonsso
6. Angle from 15 to 22 degrees. The height and length of the typical farm relate to 1: 7. The design is used to overlap spans up to 20 meters long. With an increase in the height of the structure relative to these proportions, the rules require the lower belt to be broken.
7. Angle less than 15 degrees. It is better if the frame used for the roof of the building or for canopies consists of trapezoid metal structures. Metal welded welding farms of this form in their composition have short racks, due to which the design is opposed to longitudinal bending. Metal structures of pipes intended for single -sloping roofs with an angle of inclination from 6 to 10 degrees should be asymmetric. To determine their height, the length of the flight is divided by 7, 8 or 9, depending on the features of the project.

Fundamentals of calculation

Prior to calculating the farm, you must determine the best roof configuration for the building’s dimensions and the ideal slope inclination and angle. While considering all operational loads on the roof, such as precipitation, wind load, the weight of workers arranging and maintaining a canopy from a profile pipe or roof, and the installation and maintenance of equipment on the roof, it is also important to ascertain what kind of belt contours are appropriate for the chosen roof version.

The length and height of the metal structure must be ascertained in order to compute the farm from the profile pipe. The height is determined by the chosen circuit circuit and the ramp’s designed angle of slope, whereas the length indicates the distance that the structure should overlap.

Finding the ideal distances between the farm nodes is the main goal of the canopy calculation. To do this, the profile pipe calculation and the load on the metal structure must be determined.

People’s lives and health are at risk from improperly calculated roof frames because weak or insufficiently rigid metal structures may not be able to support the weight and may collapse. As such, it’s best to leave the computation of a metal farm to experts who are knowledgeable about specialized software.

In the event that it is decided to complete the computations on its own, reference data—such as the pipe’s resistance to bending—must be used and SNiP must serve as guidance. It is advised to locate an example of calculating the standard farm of the intended configuration and enter the required values into the formula as it is challenging to calculate the design without the necessary knowledge.

A farm from a profile pipe is drawn during the design phase. Metal structure manufacturing will be streamlined and expedited with prepared drawings that show the dimensions of every component.

Using elements in drawings

With the use of a steel profile pipe, we compute the farm.

Think about how to accurately compute the metal structure to accomplish a canopy or a roof frame from a profile pipe. There are various phases involved in project preparation:

1. The size of the construction of the building that needs to be blocked is determined, the shape of the roof is selected and the optimal angle of inclination of the slope (or slopes) is selected.
2. Suitable contours of metal structures are selected, taking into account the purpose of the building, shape and size of the roof, angle of inclination, estimated loads.
3. Having calculated the approximate dimensions of the farm, it should be determined whether it is possible to make metal structures in the factory and deliver them to the object by vehicles, or welding of farms from the profile pipe will be performed directly at the construction site due to the large length and height of the structures.
4. Next, it is required to calculate the dimensions of the panels, based on the indicators of loads during the operation of the roof – permanent and periodic.
5. To determine the optimal height of the structure in the middle of the span (H), the following formulas are used, where L is the length of the farm:
6. for parallel, polygonal and trapezoidal zones: H = 1/8 × L, while the slope of the upper belt is reported to be approximately 1/8 × l or 1/12 × l;
7. For triangular metal structures: H = 1/4 × l or H = 1/5 × L.
8. The angle of installation of the lattice brackets is from 35 ° to 50 °, the recommended value of 45 °.
9. At the next stage, the distance between the nodes should be determined (usually it corresponds to the width of the panel). If the span length exceeds 36 meters, the calculation of the construction lift is required – back the extinguished bend, which affects the metal structure at loads.
10. On the basis of measurements and calculations, a scheme is prepared, according to which the manufacture of farms from a profile pipe will be carried out.

When building a structure out of a profile pipe, use a construction calculator—a suitable, specialized program—to ensure the required level of calculation accuracy. Thus, you can contrast your calculations with those made by the software to avoid a significant size discrepancy!

Arched structures: a computation example

To cook a farm for a canopy in the form of an arch using a profile pipe, you need to correctly calculate the structure. Consider the principles of calculation on the example of the proposed structure with a span between the support structures (l) 6 meters, step between the arches of 1.05 meters, the height of the farm is 1.5 meters – such an arched farm looks aesthetically pleasing and is able to withstand high loads. The length of the arrow of the lower level of the arched farm in this case is 1.3 meters (F), and the radius of the circle in the lower belt will be 4.1 meters (R). The size of the angle between the radii: a = 105.9776 °.

Design featuring an arched canopy

The following formula is used to determine the length of the profile (MN) for the lower belt:

MN: the profile’s length measured from the lower belt;

Π is the constant (3.14);

R is the circle’s radius;

The angle between the radii is denoted by α.

Consequently, we obtain:

The design nodes are situated in regions of the lower belt with a step of 55.1 cm; in order to make structure assembly easier, it is permissible to round up to 55 cm, but this should not be done. It is necessary to compute each of the extreme areas’ distances separately.

If the span length is less than 6 meters, you can fold a metal element under the chosen radius using a single or double beam rather than welding intricate metal structures. In this instance, arched farm calculations are not necessary, but selecting the appropriate material section is crucial to the structure’s ability to support the weight.

Calculation requirements for profile pipe installation in farms

The pipeline for the manufacture of farms is chosen based on the following criteria in order for the completed structures of the ceilings, especially the large-sized ones, to withstand the strength test throughout the entire service life:

• SNiP 07-85 (interaction of snow load and weight of structural elements);
• SNiP P-23-81 (on the principles of work with steel profiled pipes);
• GOST 30245 (compliance of the cross section of profile pipes and wall thickness).

The information gathered from these sources will enable you to become acquainted with the various kinds of profile pipes and select the most suitable one, considering the cross-sectional configuration, element wall thickness, and farm design elements.

Vehicle for a vehicle from a pipeline

It is advised to construct farms using premium pipeline, and for arched structures, alloy steel is the better choice. A high percentage of carbon must be present in the alloy for metal structures to be resistant to corrosion. Alloy steel metal structures don’t require extra protective coating.

Practical installation advice

If you know how to build a lattice farm, you can install a sturdy frame for a clear roof or canopy. Simultaneously, it is crucial to take into account several subtleties.

• The most durable structures are mounted from a metal profile with a cross section in the form of a square or rectangle due to the presence of two ribs of stiffness.
• The main components of the metal structures are attached to each other using paired corners and tacks.
• When connecting the details of the frame in the upper belt, it is necessary to use the double -barrel versatile corners, while the smaller side should be connected.
• The conjugation of parts of the lower belt is attached to the installation of equilateral corners.
• Joining the main parts of the metal structures of a large length, the overhead plates are used.

If the metal structure needs to be put together right there at the construction site, it’s important to think about how one would cook a farm from a profile pipe. It is advised to invite a welder with professional equipment if you lack welding skills.

Farm element welding

Racks for metal structures are positioned at right angles, and braces are set 45 degrees incline. In the initial step, we cut the profile pipe’s components to match the size specified in the drawing. Gather the Earth’s primary structure and examine its geometry. Next, we use corners and overhead plates as needed to cook the gathered frame.

Make sure to assess each welded seam’s strength. The precision and quality of the elements, as well as their bearing capacity, determine the cooked metal structures’ strength and dependability. Ready farms are lifted up and fastened to the strapping while adhering to the project’s installation procedure.

Producing farms using profile pipes. How to compute the layout and prepare food. the primary varieties of farm outline forms.

Raffers made of profile pipe provide a robust and adaptable option for building roofs. These strong, lightweight components offer structural support without sacrificing ease of installation or design flexibility. Profile pipe rafters are a contemporary method of assuring the strength and efficiency of roofing systems, both because of their material advantages and their usefulness in a variety of roof types."

Farmers from a profile pipe

Lattice metal rods are used to assemble metal structures, such as metal farms made from profile pipes. Although the process of manufacturing them is quite intricate and time-consuming, the end product typically meets or exceeds expectations. One significant benefit is the resultant design’s efficiency. Scarves and steam metal are frequently utilized as connecting metal parts in the production process. Welding or riveting is the basis of the subsequent assembly procedure.

Advantages of metal structures

The metal farm offers a lot of benefits. You can effortlessly stop a flight of any length with their assistance. It should be recognized, though, that the primary competent calculation of the farm from the profile pipe is necessary for proper installation. You can be certain of the metal structure that was created in this instance. To ensure that the product satisfies the specifications, it is also important to follow the intended plans, drawings, and markings.

There are still more benefits to the product. One can distinguish between the following benefits:

1. The durability of the metal product.
2. Insignificant weight when comparing with other similar designs.
3. Endurance.
4. Resistance to damage and negative environmental factors.
5. Strong nodes that contribute to resistance to any type of load.
6. The ability to save finances through independent assembly, since a finished metal product is expensive.

Structural features of farms

It’s important to keep in mind the distinctive characteristics of the farm from the profile pipe beforehand. Certain parameters can be used to distinguish the basis of division. The primary value is thought to be the quantity of belts. One can distinguish between the following types:

• metal supports, which are components that are in the same plane;
• hanging, which includes two metal belts located above and below.

The contours and form are the second crucial factor, without which the farm drawing cannot be produced. You can identify straight, gable, or single-sided, arched farms based on the latter. There are multiple options for dividing the contour into metal structures. The first design uses a belt that is parallel. They are thought to be the most effective way to build a soft roof. The installation process is made simple by the grate’s size alignment with the rods, the metal support’s identical components, and its extreme simplicity.

Metal structures with only one side are the second choice. Their foundation consists of stiff nodes that withstand outside forces. The efficiency of the material and, thus, the minimal costs involved in its creation define such a design. Polygonal farms are the third kind of farms. Their capacity to support a significant weight is an advantage, but they are also distinguished by a lengthy lifespan and a somewhat difficult installation. Triangular farms from a profile pipe is the fourth option. They are employed in the event that a large inclination metal farm is to be built, provided that there will be minimal waste remaining after construction.

The angle of inclination is the next crucial factor. Profile pipe metal farms are classified into three primary categories based on their characteristics. The first category includes metal structures with an inclination angle between 22 and 30 degrees. Additionally, the product’s height and length are represented by a ratio of 1: 5. One benefit of these metal structures is that they are relatively light. Usually, this results in metal triangle farms.

In this instance, if the span height is greater than 14 meters, braces installed top to bottom might be required. There will be a 150–250 cm long panel in the upper belt. Consequently, a design with an even number of panels and two belts will be produced. The undergraduate metal structure should be mounted and connected with support columns if the flight is longer than twenty meters.

Farms using square pipes, professional tubes, and other varieties with an inclination of between 15 and 22 degrees fall into the second category. The height to length ratio reaches 1: 7. Twenty meters is the maximum frame length that should be used. Additional steps must be taken, such as creating a broken belt, if the height needs to be increased.

Metal constructions with an inclination angle of less than 15 degrees fall into the third category. A trapezoidal rafter system is employed in these projects. There are more short racks there. By doing this, you can counteract longitudinal deflection more forcefully. When installing a single-sloping roof with an angle of inclination between 6 and 10 degrees, an asymmetrical shape must be taken into account. Depending on the structure’s characteristics, the flight can be divided into seven, eight, or nine sections.

The Farm of Polonso, which is mounted by hand, is separate and unique. Two farms in the shape of triangles joined by a tightening serve as its representation. This makes it possible to omit the long brace installations that belong in the middle panels. Consequently, the structure’s weight will be ideal.

How to calculate a canopy?

The fundamental specifications outlined in SNiP should serve as the foundation for the calculation and construction of farms made from profile pipes. Drawing up and drawing a product is crucial when calculating because without it, the installation process will be impossible. First, you should draw up a plan that shows the primary relationships between the roof’s slope and the overall length of the structure. Specifically, the following needs to be considered:

1. The contour of the support belts. They will help to determine the purpose of the metal structure, the angle of inclination and the type of roof.
2. When selecting, it is necessary to follow the principle of savings, if the requirements do not imply the opposite.
3. Size calculation is made taking into account the load on the design. It is important to remember that the angles of the rafters may differ, but the panel must match it.
4. The last calculation concerns the interval between the nodes. Most often it is chosen so that it corresponds to the width of the panel.

It is important to keep in mind that raising yourself up with your hands will result in a greater bearing capacity. The snow cover won’t stay on the roof in this situation. You must install stiffness ribs to further reinforce the metal structure. The following information should help you determine the size of the farm:

• Structures up to 4.5 meters wide are mounted from parts of 40x20x2 mm dimensions;
• Products of 5.5 meters wide are created from components of 40x40x2 mm in size;
• If the width of the structure exceeds 5.5 meters, it is optimal to choose parts 40x40x3 mm or 60x30x2 mm.

The next step is to compute the step, which requires accounting for the separation between each canopy support. It typically measures 1.7 meters and is standard. The strength of the structure might be slightly compromised if you disobey this unwritten rule. Obtaining a design scheme is essential following the design of all necessary parameters. To accomplish this, use the program to get the necessary strength. The names of the processes that most programs perform are similar. You have the option to select "Calculation of the farm," "Calculation of farms 1.0," and other comparable programs.

Make sure to factor in the cost of manufacturing the metal structure itself, which includes welding, coating with an anti-corrosion substance, and installation, when estimating the cost of one ton of metal when purchasing it. The only thing left to do is figure out how to use the profile pipe to cook the farm.

Useful tips for choosing and creating metal structures

Several guidelines must be followed in order for farms’ welding to be of the highest caliber. Among these, the following stand out:

1. When choosing a size, it is worth giving preference to square and rectangular products that add stability design due to stiffeners.
2. It is necessary to use exclusively high -quality products, material – high -carbon alloyed steel, resistant to environmental aggression.
3. The correct selection of products and material will be the key to the required bearing capacity.
4. When connecting the metal components of the farm, it is necessary to use paired corners and tacks.
5. Metal double -barrels are mounted in the upper belt, performing joints in the side, which has a smaller size.
6. When mating parts, equilateral corners are used.
7. The components of long metal structures are fixed using overhead plates.
8. The braces are mounted at an angle of 45 degrees, and the racks – 90 degrees.
9. Initially collect the main structure, after which they begin to weld the farm, checking the welds for quality.

Follow a specific work algorithm to ensure that the design complies with the requirements. First things first, mark the location. Parts that are embedded and vertical supports are installed for this. Metal profile pipes can be installed in the concrete and pits right away, if needed. A plumb line is used to confirm the installation of vertical supports, and a cord is pulled to control parallelism.

The welding of metal profile pipes is the next step. Goods are joined to the supports by welding. The farms’ and nodes’ components are welded to the ground, where they are then fastened using jumpers and braces. The next stage involves raising the metal beams to a certain height, welding in supports and profile pipes, welding in jumpers, and drilling holes for fasteners. Finally, the components are cleaned, and the layout is ready for painting and roof installation.

The benefits and varieties of farms. Metal farm structures made out of profile pipes. calculations, product drawings, and suggestions for selecting and fabricating metal structures for canopies.

For building roofs, profile pipe rafters provide a contemporary and useful option. They are perfect for both residential and commercial roofs due to their lightweight yet robust design. Using profile pipes, which are usually composed of steel or aluminum, guarantees longevity and weather resistance, which is essential for preserving the roof’s structural integrity over time.

The adaptability of profile pipe rafters in terms of installation and design is one of their main benefits. They provide architectural planners with flexibility in their design since they are easily customizable to fit various roof shapes and sizes. This flexibility makes it possible to use the space under the roof for living areas or storage while also streamlining the construction process.

Furthermore, profile pipe rafters support the general sustainability of building projects. Because they are lightweight, less strain is placed on the supporting structure, which could cut down on the cost of materials and construction time. In addition, compared to conventional timber rafters, they are a more environmentally friendly option because of their recyclable materials.

In summary, selecting profile pipe rafters for your roof blends sustainability, contemporary style, and usability. These rafters provide a dependable and effective solution that satisfies both structural and aesthetic requirements, whether you’re building a new home or remodeling an old one.

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