Crusting fan of smoke removal: types, principle of action and rules for arranging a smoke removal system

Ensuring occupant safety is a top priority in modern building design, particularly in the event of a fire. The efficient evacuation of smoke from the structure is a vital component of fire safety. This article explores the topic of smoke removal systems, including types, principles of operation, and crucial installation guidelines.

During a fire, smoke removal systems—especially crusting fan systems—are essential for protecting people and property. These devices are made to remove smoke from confined areas, stopping its spread and giving residents safer escape routes.

Crusting fan smoke removal systems work on the basis of inducing negative pressure in the smoke zones of the building. The smoke is encouraged to flow toward the specified extraction points, which are usually found at higher levels of the building, by this negative pressure.

Following certain guidelines is essential when thinking about installing a crusting fan smoke removal system. The capacity of the system, where the extraction points are located, and how it integrates with the building’s overall fire safety plan are frequently governed by these regulations.

How the smoke removal systems work for the building?

In 1990, the Russian Federation implemented new building fire safety regulations. It was then that they started testing the equipment for certification. Then, both foreign and domestic companies supplied smoke removal systems.

However, over time, 95% of the products on the smoke removal market are now made by Russian companies. We will now explain to you how these systems operate specifically.

The problem of smoke and high air temperature

Statistics from the government indicate that carbon monoxide poisoning accounts for 80% of fire-related incidents. There will be a significant release of carbon monoxide if the area is sealed off and oxygen is restricted.

And the main issue is that smoke spreads far more quickly than fire, making it impossible for someone to escape a room before they pass out:

The higher the level of security and the greater the likelihood that as many people as possible will survive the required evacuation, the better the building’s smoke removal system is designed. Ultimately, it is important to remember that the excretion of smoke is a multifaceted process that influences multiple conditions and factors simultaneously.

As a result, only professionals design these systems and install fans; however, it wouldn’t be too difficult for the average user to comprehend this procedure.

Sadly, there are times these days when a fire breaks out in a shopping center and results in casualties among people. This is specifically due to the presence of poisonous smoke, which none of the systems were able to produce for whatever reason.

For this reason, whenever there are people present, it is crucial to protect any building from smoke when a fire breaks out. They have the ability to cause panic and crush when they are anxious, which will make the situation worse.

It’s also important to note that the majority of contemporary offices have a variety of synthetic materials used in their interior design, which when heated up releases especially harmful smoke. It takes only a few seconds and two exhaled breaths in such a circumstance to pass out.

Therefore, certain requirements for fire safety apply to both residential and commercial buildings, such as the requirement for a smoke extraction system. when it is installed at the start of the building’s construction.

To this end, comprehensive technical documentation is being created, and relevant construction standards and regulations govern every aspect of design work.

An expanded description of the smoke extraction system is provided below:

The principle of operation of the smoke removal system

The removal system consists of an entire emergency supply and exhaust ventilation system, which is now a must for any building’s general fire safety system that houses people.

Its primary goals are fairly straightforward: reduce smoke on all evacuation routes, prevent flames from spreading, and guarantee that firefighters are working safely. Occasionally, reduce the temperature in the rooms where a fire happens as well.

Superior squeezes that automatically incorporate special windows and hoods in the operating mode and alert the user when a fire starts. and powers a system of hot air that rises in response to fire. In this instance, cold air descends, causing air masses to naturally cling together.

Special fans are frequently installed on such systems to extend the smoke’s reach from the room and provide clean air. Additionally, it’s beneficial to have supplementary equipment that provides clean air to evacuation exits, elevators, and other areas where evacuees must run.

And this is how the system operates: as soon as a fire starts, the smoke sensor reacts, alerting the fire safety system control. Then, the object’s ventilation is turned on, the smoke removal valves are opened, and the fans start to run:

Fire resistant valves, which are frequently installed in such systems, are slammed with an alarm to prevent smoke and fire from spreading throughout the building’s area. They are typically installed inside the ventilation system and come in a variety of varieties.

Hatches are a crucial component of the smoke removal system. Additionally, they are positioned atop building roofs, where they open in the event of a fire, guaranteeing a natural chimney. As such, hatches are typically found in attic windows or anti-aircraft lights.

Last but not least, it’s critical that the structure retains a sizable portion of its ventilation ducts, which will eventually release heated air and smoke.

Types of the ODD and their differences

There are two types of smoke removal systems: static and dynamic. This is how they differ from one another:

• Static in the case of a fire urgently disconnects the usual ventilation system in the building, so that smoke and combustion products no longer suck through the mines in them. This, as it were, localizes the fire in only one room, preventing him from harm people in the whole building. But that’s all. This is a cheap fire safety system, and at the same time ineffective, since it does not remove smoke from the area of ​​the object.
• Dynamic systems remove precisely smoke, burning and other combustion products from the room, and at the same time supply air to the desired zones of the object. All this is ensured due to the presence of fans of smoke removal, which stretch smoke outside the building and supply fresh air.

The dynamic system has two installed fans, each of which will perform its designated function (removing smoke or resuming the flow of clean air), or it can use a single universal fan. He will be able to operate in two different ways at once: extract the smoke and force fresh air into the room from the street.

Subtleties of the SED in different types of buildings

When selecting a roof fan, it’s important to consider which rooms it will be used in. Its technical specifications, including type, power, and performance, are crucial. For instance, a more powerful device that can produce a louder sound will be required for the workshop as opposed to a residential building.

Rooftop smoke extraction fans are most frequently utilized in industrial facilities with ventilation ceilings, such as grocery stores, swimming pools, office buildings, and restaurants. Since they are mounted directly on the roof, they don’t obstruct anything:

When discussing large and industrial buildings, it is crucial to remove smoke from the air in these types of spaces as soon as possible. As a result, they are only placed on the roof. However, it is simple to install such a fan straight into the hood of a gas boiler or fireplace in a living room of a private home.

Furthermore, smoke fans could be a part of the exhaust and ventilation system for fires. The primary prerequisite for installing a smoke fan is that it shouldn’t obstruct the room’s natural air circulation:

By the way, a special glass is installed inside the residential building’s structure if the fan needs to be thermally insulated. Additionally, it fixes the device itself to the building’s roof more steadily and aids in lowering the fan’s sound pressure level.

Even now, there are models available with a unique built-in muffler. Actually, sound waves are absorbed by the same layer of thermal insulation material. In order to prevent water from unintentionally seeping through the fan’s mounting opening and causing corrosion, washers with rubber gaskets are employed.

On "All about the roof," we’ll be learning about the various types of crusting fans, their functions, and the fundamental rules for installing a smoke removal system. This article explores the various options for crusting fans and explains how they work to remove smoke from buildings in an emergency. We’ll also go over some helpful tips for setting these systems up correctly so they adhere to safety regulations and function dependably in emergency scenarios.

Device and additional structural elements

What then is the smoke removal fan? This unique design supports the supply ventilation system while simultaneously guaranteeing the removal of smoke and combustion products.

These fans can compare heated gases, excess heat, and smoke from the room and are made to function in emergency situations. The original intent of all models was to conduct and move hot air mixtures up to 600 degrees Celsius with success.

Rooftop smoke fans have the advantage of operating flawlessly in high temperatures. Additionally, they offer air flow rates starting at 20,000 m 3 per hour.

This explains why pricey materials are typically used in their design:

What then do these fans make? They are made up of a shell, a casing, and an engine. When an engine runs on electricity, three-phase asynchronous motors are typically employed. The fan’s base secures the entire structure to the roof while the casing creates outgoing air flows.

Usually, the fan has extra features like a deflector to shield it from snow and rain and thermal clothing to keep it from overheating:

Here is an additional illustration of this device:

Such devices’ power and strength are always determined by the material they are constructed of. And this already is—the manufacturer’s decision. Many brands today produce smoke removal fans, but the specifications of their products differ greatly.

Fans under the Systemier brand, for instance, only circulate hot air that is 300 degrees. However, they are also well-known for the unique design of their blades, which prevents the buildup of combustion products. Additionally, some of this brand’s models can safely remove explosive mixtures from the room.

However, factors like roofing material and fan design, as well as the angle of the roof’s slope, usually influence how the smoke removal fan is installed. Installing such an element on a hard roof is the simplest option; in that case, the fan is placed at the end of the ventilation shaft.

The installation process is a little more difficult if the roof is pliable because it is crucial that the design be securely fastened. Additionally, keep in mind that all smoke removal roof fans are so strong that, when installed, they offer noise reduction and stop the possibility of air hanging close to them, which is hazardous for chimneys.

Types of Smoke Extraction Fans	There are various types such as axial fans, centrifugal fans, and mixed-flow fans, each suited for different airflow and pressure requirements.
Principle of Action	Smoke extraction fans work by creating airflow to remove smoke and gases from a building during a fire, preventing the spread of smoke and aiding in safe evacuation.
Rules for Arranging a Smoke Removal System	Ensure fans are strategically placed for effective smoke extraction, follow building code regulations for ventilation systems, and conduct regular maintenance to ensure proper functionality.

It is critical to comprehend the significance of a smoke extraction system, particularly in structures where fire safety is critical. Similar to the crust fan, these systems are essential in making sure that smoke is effectively extinguished during a fire, enabling people to leave the building safely.

The crust fan’s basic but efficient principle of operation is to remove smoke from the building by carefully placing vents or openings. The strong suction of the fan aids in this process by directing smoke upward and outward, stopping it from spreading throughout the building.

There are various factors to consider when installing a crust fan smoke removal system. The secret to maximizing the efficiency of the system is to place vents or outlets properly. Furthermore, routine testing and maintenance guarantee that the fan performs at its best during a fire emergency, when it is most needed.

Selecting the ideal crust fan type is dependent upon the particular requirements of the structure. The selection process is influenced by various factors, including the size, layout, and fire safety regulations of the building. Seeking advice from professionals in smoke extraction systems can assist in making well-informed decisions specific to the needs of the building.

In summary, incorporating a crust fan smoke removal system is about protecting people and property, not just about adhering to regulations. These systems greatly improve overall fire safety measures in buildings by efficiently removing smoke during a fire.

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