Hard insulation

For any building’s roof to remain comfortable and functional, hard insulation is essential. Hard insulation is usually composed of rigid foam boards made of materials like expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), or polyisocyanurate (polyiso), as opposed to conventional soft insulation materials like fiberglass or cellulose. These materials are perfect for roofing applications because of their strength, resilience to heat, and capacity to tolerate moisture.

Hard insulation’s high compressive strength, which enables it to support the weight of bulky roofing materials without deteriorating over time, is one of its main benefits. This feature is especially crucial in regions that frequently experience large snowfall or where it is anticipated that people will walk on the roof frequently. Hard insulation helps prolong the life of the roof while preserving its structural integrity by offering a solid and sturdy foundation.

The superior thermal performance of hard insulation is another important advantage. Because the rigid foam boards reduce heat transfer through the roof, less energy is needed to heat and cool the building. Because it keeps indoor temperatures constant all year round, this thermal efficiency not only reduces utility costs but also improves overall comfort.

Hard insulation provides exceptional moisture resistance in addition to thermal resistance, which is essential for avoiding mold growth and structural damage. Rigid foam boards repel water, keeping their insulating qualities even after prolonged exposure to moisture, in contrast to softer insulation materials that can absorb moisture. Because of this characteristic, hard insulation is especially well-suited for roofs in humid or rainy regions, where traditional insulation may be compromised by moisture infiltration.

"Hard insulation is essential to contemporary roofing solutions because it offers effective and long-lasting thermal protection. Hard insulation panels provide better strength and moisture resistance than conventional insulation materials like fiberglass or cellulose, which makes them perfect for protecting roofs from the elements. Because they are made of materials like stiff mineral wool or foam boards, these panels will hold their shape and function over time. Hard insulation is a wise choice for any roofing project aiming for long-term sustainability and performance because it improves energy efficiency and structural integrity, which reduces heating and cooling costs and lengthens the lifespan of roofs."

Recommendations for the selection and installation of insulation for the roof

When we refer to a "roof," we mean one that provides warmth, security, and comfort. As such, the insulation of the roof is a crucial and accountable step.

We know from school that heated air flows rush upward, where they should stay provided the roof is properly insulated.

If not, warm air simply exits the room and is replaced by cold air.

Which insulation is better: types of insulation

Insulation for horizontal, vertical, curved, and inclined roof sections is known as ISOVER CLASSIC insulation.

Additionally to ventilated facades and for insulating building walls, ceilings, and partitions.

• Density-10-12 kg/m 3, thermal conductivity coefficient-0.040-0.041 W/m*s.
• Produced in the form of rolls.
• Has excellent soundproofing characteristics.

PBS-S foam in different densities and thicknesses. available in sheets. Sheet dimensions: 100 x 100 cm; roof thickness: 20 – 100 mm. Weight range: 8–35 kg/m^3.

Insulation for Ursa M11.

• The base is fiberglass.
• Density-10-11 kg/m 3 .
• Thermal conductivity of the URSA M11 insulation thermal conductivity – 0.040 W/(m*K).

Pitch roofs, internal partitions that are soundproof, isolation of ceilings between floors, and ceiling lags are all applications for this insulation.

Technoplex or extraplex extruded foam in a polistyle.

• High compression resistance (0.25 MPa), uniform distribution of density over the entire area of ​​the insulation and a homogeneous structure of the material.
• Combustibility group – g1.
• The insulation is produced with a rigid base and has evenly closed cells, so its service life is several decades.

Technonicol Mat basalt-roclate roof insulation Teploroll is used in industrial facilities as a heater for the attic’s floor, ceiling, and roof.

• The density of the heat -insulating material is 30 kg/m 3 .
• Industry is produced in the form of plates.

The coefficient of thermal conductivity is 0.039 W/m*.

Flammability – category NG

Able to withstand high temperatures,

Steady in both volume and form.

High coefficient of sound insulation.

Avoids coming into contact with metal and concrete structures.

Simple to set up and operate.

Rockwool for insulating roofs.

• Density-20-35 kg/m 3 .
• Thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.035-0.045 W/m*s.
• Produced in the form of mats and stoves made of stone cotton wool.

KNAUF INSULATION Mineral wool, or ThermorulON, is used as a heater for unloaded structures, such as attic ceilings and roofs.

• A heater for the KNAUF roof in rolls is produced.
• Density-10-15 kg/m 3 .
• Thermal conductivity of the heat insulator-0.035-0.045 W/m*C*.

There are two categories for all types of attics: non-residential and residential. Slopes, exposed ceiling tiles, and side walls must all be insulated in residential buildings. Insulation is installed on the ceilings dividing non-residential attics from the building.

Different thicknesses of insulation are used in different geographical zones with varying temperature modes on a house’s roof.

Sometimes insulating the roof from the inside is insufficient.

To achieve total thermal insulation, one must, for instance, follow the guidelines for a private home, which are available at http:// obogreem.NET/UTEPLENIE/ZDANIIA/UTEPLENIE-POTOLKA-V-CHASTNOM-DOME.HTML, to insulate the attic and warm the ceiling.

How to choose a heater – basic requirements

The technical properties of any heat insulator are significantly influenced by the thermal conductivity factor.

The insulation’s capacity to retain heat is indicated by its thermal conductivity, which also determines the roof’s or panels’ thermal resistance.

The material used to make the insulation, its geometric measurements for the roof, its density, and its specific gravity all have an impact on its coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Additionally, the temperature of the material’s insulated structure and the surrounding humidity both affect the heat conductivity coefficient.

The better the heat retention, the lower the heat conductivity coefficient.

The density displays the relationship between the material’s volume and total mass under a given load. Low density characterizes porous heaters.

The operational qualities of the insulation, such as its resistance to frost, heat conductivity, water absorption, and load resistance, are also influenced by its porosity.

The best roof heater is made of a material that has tiny, uniformly distributed closed pores throughout the entire volume and surface area of insulation.

Compression strength, for example, is a property of insulation that demonstrates the material’s resistance to external forces that cause deformation and stress within the insulation.

The composition and structure of the insulation determine how strong the heat-insulating material is. More effective insulation will have small air pores evenly distributed throughout the entire area and a stiff base.

The strength of the insulation decreases in the presence of large, unevenly distributed pores.

The insulation’s capacity to pass through condensate and water vapor is demonstrated by its vapor permeability. One of the primary qualities of the insulation is its parametrization.

Place the roof insulation so that the vapor permeability coefficient gradually drops from the cold wall to the warm wall to prevent the buildup of excess moisture.

• Squirability of insulation means the value of reducing the thickness of the heat -insulating layer under some external pressure.
• The breathability of the insulation material should be as lower as possible. This parameter affects the thermal insulation properties of insulation.
• The water absorption coefficient shows how, when contacting water, the insulation is predisposed to absorb and hold it in cells.
• Fire resistance (the coefficient of combustibility of the material). The insulation should withstand high temperature without changing the internal structure and fire.

How to determine how much insulation there is

In most cases, it is assumed that the roof is nicknamed when determining the insulation for the roof. For a roof like this, insulation is placed in the spaces between the rafters.

Any insulation used on the roof must be 150 mm thick or greater, but never thinner.

Two layers of insulation are laid, with a 20–30 mm gap between the joints of rolls, mats, or plates.

The table below provides the required thickness of insulation for different brands.

It displays the parameters that correspond to the SNiP "Heat Protection of buildings" No. 23-02-2003 for Moscow and the Moscow Region.

The number of thermal insulation materials can be calculated quite easily. Multiplying the number of square meters in the package by the number of layers of insulation and the total area of the roof is required to determine the overall area of the insulation.

To account for laying overlap, the result must be rounded up and added to the total area by 10% to 15%. This will be the last number that represents the heat insulator’s entire area.

Warming the exterior walls of the house is another efficient way to keep the heat in. The interior space is not consumed by this technology.

Insulation for flat roofs is done with isovat insulation.

Two layers of insulation are the most efficient. The heat insulator’s lower layer is made up of plates with a lower density of 90–150 kg/m 2, which bears a distributed load, while the upper layer is made up of rigid plates with a density of 170–220 kg/m 2, which can withstand the local load quite well.

When warming building roofs, isovat insulation 180-200 is used as the top layer of the heat insulator.

• The cost of insulation for the roof Izovat is 200 rubles per 1 m 2 .

European standard EN 13162, international ISO 9001 standard, and Saint-Goben European Group standard are all met by URSA rolled insulation.

• There is such a roof insulation in the region of 700 rubles per roll.

Izover, basalt wool plate insulation for roofing. The heat insulator has a thickness of 30 mm.

• The cost of packaging of 30 plates is 120 rubles.

Heating in Profitep mats ranging from 50 to 150 mm in thickness. needs to be used with a hydraulic tank that is between 20 and 40 mm thick. It is advised to arrange an additional air gap between the insulation and the hydraulic bank due to the hydraulic tank’s underappreciated characteristics.

Since insulation loses its effectiveness, it cannot be compressed.

• The cost of a heat insulator is 50-100 rubles per 1 m 2 .

Insulation made of PAROC UNS 37 basalt plates, 50 mm thick. Material for universal slabs with combustibility class NG.

In order to properly insulate the house’s roof, certain tasks must be completed in a specific order.

The roof insulation is easy to install and fasten, but you must follow the instructions and have a clear idea of what needs to be done.

First, the rafters’ distance from one another is measured.

These findings lead to the small-admission insulation fragment being removed.

The waterproofing layer is initially put in place.

Because of its slightly larger size, the heater placed between the rafters will fill up all the available space and remain in place without the need for additional fastening.

Only one direction is used when laying insulation: from the bottom up. Selecting a heater with a large surface area is advised because the less seams and overflows there are, the better the thermal insulation.

You are unable to exit the gaps between the insulating layers and the wooden structures. The heat insulator and the waterproofing layer should be separated by at least 20 mm of air.

Keep in mind that almost all heater brands expand by 10% to 30% over time when placing them in difficult-to-reach areas.

When cutting the insulation too large, it is not advised to leave a margin because this could cause it to sag and lead to the formation of "cold bridges."

The heat insulator can easily be compacted or disassembled to make the size more apparent if there is sagging.

A layer of vapor barrier covers the entire insulation surface. It’s critical to pay attention to the direction of laying since the vapor barrier denotes the location of the outer and inner surfaces. A vapor barrier is required to keep moisture from penetrating the heat insulator layer and forcing it out.

Typically, a construction stapler is used to directly attach the vapor barrier layer to the rafters.

The minimum supply distance required to install a vapor barrier is 15 cm. Simultaneously, the newly created seam is sealed with a sealing tape designed for this purpose.

Wooden rails or bars perpendicular to the rafters hold the entire roof heater in place. We refer to this mount as a counterparty. Additional surface decoration within the interior is built upon these rails.

Rafts and crates may become useless at a roof after it has been in place for a long time. As a result, it is essential to pay attention when changing the installation’s rafters and taking safety measures.

The installation of roof insulation is both economically and practically justified. When the roof is insulated, you can save a lot of money on energy and heating. How to Make a Decision

Hard insulation: varieties, features, installation

An essential component of construction measures is wall insulation. Hard wall insulation is preferable for walls for these reasons, among other reasons. This kind of thermal insulation is more dependable, long-lasting, and simpler to install.

An essential component of construction measures is wall insulation. Hard wall insulation is preferable for walls for these reasons, among other reasons. This kind of thermal insulation is more dependable, long-lasting, and simpler to install.

Advantages, varieties and features

Hard insulation’s benefits

The hard mineral wool in the picture is also a result of solid heaters.

Hard heaters are typically used to insulate walls from the heat.

There are several reasons for this:

• Hard heat -insulating materials are easier to mount on vertical surfaces due to natural physical influences associated with gravity;
• Solid insulators are geometrically correct plates, which allows you to create an even surface, which is then easy to plaster or cover with various finishing materials;
• Insulation with a stable strong structure is not subject to shrinkage and do not think, which is also important with the vertical location of the plates;
• Allow you to create light plaster systems that are not inferior in quality and heat insulation indicators with ventilated facades, despite the fact that their price is several times lower;
• Fastening of solid heat -insulating plates does not require crate, frames and other auxiliary structures;
• The strength of the slabs allows you to do without expensive enclosing protective panels from PVC, metal, plastic or wood;
• The service life of such materials is mainly higher than that of soft analogues;
• Simplified the installation of a thermal insulation pie on the wall.

Crucial! When solid heat insulators are combined, the resulting products can be utilized to construct walls and ceilings independently. Sentwitch Panels, foam concrete, polystyrene concrete, various polymer concrete varieties, and multi-layer goods are examples of these materials.

It should be noted that the material has a fixed thickness, which makes it possible to compute the required layer and the wall and facade parameters with accuracy. Furthermore, the coefficient of thermal insulation and other metrics like density, thickness, and strength are relatively constant over time. This is a crucial component that shows how trustworthy and long-lasting the materials are.

A range of blended facade facing materials come together to form insulated wall panels.

It is a shameless occupation to classify building materials with the same purpose. Because of this, it should be handled appropriately, keeping in mind how highly conditional everything is. That is to say, we will only call a few of the most intriguing and sought-after representatives; we will not bring any canonical lists and make any claims to encyclopedicity.

We will use the primary distinctions between solid thermal insulation materials and the others as our criterion: the ability to install the material without the need for auxiliary structures, the absence of protective panels, and plate-like production.

As you can see, materials like polyurethane foam and other liquid polymers that don’t meet the previous request can be rejected right away.

In light of these factors, we thus emphasized this insulation:

1. Extruded polystyrene foam and polystyrene;
2. Hard mineral wool with a density of more than 35 kg/m³;
3. Foam glass;
4. Polymer concrete;
5. Sentwitch Panels;
6. Insulated wall panels.

Since Sentwitch Panels are structural components of the walls they are made of, they will strictly speaking be referred to as insulation. We are limited to mentioning this building material; no one will affix the Sentwitch Panels to the walls.

Slabs of extruded polystyrene foam serve as an illustration of a hard wall insulation.

Polystyrene, polystyrene foam, and extruded polystyrene foam are all made from foamed polystyrene. The only differences between these materials are their density, strength, and cell structure. Additionally, there are some differences in the vapor permeability and thermal conductivity.

Now that we are discussing solid materials, specifically extruded polystyrene foam will be examined. This material has the longest shelf life, maximum stiffness, and the best indicators of heat transfer resistance.

Compared to other heaters, the polystyrene foam layer—which is required for efficient thermal insulation—is substantially thinner.

Thus, the following characteristics of extruded polystyrene are present:

• Thermal conductivity – 0.037 W/m × ° C;
• Operational operating density – 25 kg/m³;
• Load on the supporting structure – 3.96 kg/m²;
• Environmental purity – under normal conditions, does not emit harmful substances, with an increase in temperature to 80 ° C – emits toxic gases;
• The layer thickness recommended for the middle strip is 50 mm;
• Air permeability – average;
• Moisture resistance – high;
• Vapor permeability – low;
• Combustibility group – G3, G4;
• Fire temperature – 491 ° C;
• Compression strength – more than 0.1 MPa, bend more than 0.18 MPa.

Extruded polystyrene foam is incredibly easy to install. Plate dowels and polymer-cement glue are used to mount the slabs on an unappealing wall. After that, mounting foam is compressed into the spaces between the sheets to insulate the wall.

A layer of glue or plaster is applied on top of the fiberglass to cover the insulation’s surface. Subsequently, a finishing layer of facade plaster is applied over the primed base layer.

It’s simple to create these manipulations with your hands without the need for extraneous mechanisms or skilled builders.

Counseling! To prevent moisture buildup in the structure during severe frosts, it is advised to install vapor barriers from the inside of walls in buildings with a high population density or in rooms with high relative humidity.

Foam mounting for insulating walls.

A layer of glue or plaster is applied on top of the fiberglass to cover the insulation’s surface. Subsequently, a finishing layer of facade plaster is applied over the primed base layer.

It’s simple to create these manipulations with your hands without the need for extraneous mechanisms or skilled builders.

Counseling! To prevent moisture buildup in the structure during severe frosts, it is advised to install vapor barriers from the inside of walls in buildings with a high population density or in rooms with high relative humidity.

Warming the facades is a common use for basalt cotton wool.

It is distinguished by:

• A form in the form of a hard slab, which is not deformed in conditions of normal operation;
• The possibility of installation on the wall without auxiliary structures;
• The possibility of applying plaster;
• Static indicators of thermal conductivity and structure.

Features of stonewashing:

• Thermal conductivity – 0.039 W/m × ° C;
• Working operational density – 35 kg/m³;
• Load on the supporting structure – 5.85 kg/m²;
• Environmental purity – under normal conditions, does not distinguish harmful compounds, at elevated temperatures, the phenolic binder can distinguish harmful chemicals;
• Recommended layer thickness – 100 mm;
• Vapor permeability – high;
• Air permeability – high;
• Thermal stability – up to 700 ° C;
• Moisture resistance – low, requires vapor barrier;
• Slashery of operation – about 50 years.

Because basalt cotton wool has similar qualities, it is regarded as a solid insulation.

It is distinguished by:

• A form in the form of a hard slab, which is not deformed in conditions of normal operation;
• The possibility of installation on the wall without auxiliary structures;
• The possibility of applying plaster;
• Static indicators of thermal conductivity and structure.

Features of stonewashing:

• Thermal conductivity – 0.039 W/m × ° C;
• Working operational density – 35 kg/m³;
• Load on the supporting structure – 5.85 kg/m²;
• Environmental purity – under normal conditions, does not distinguish harmful compounds, at elevated temperatures, the phenolic binder can distinguish harmful chemicals;
• Recommended layer thickness – 100 mm;
• Vapor permeability – high;
• Air permeability – high;
• Thermal stability – up to 700 ° C;
• Moisture resistance – low, requires vapor barrier;
• Slashery of operation – about 50 years.

Installing a vata is similar to installing polystyrene foam. When it comes to ventilated facades or siding, panels are stitched up to replace the cotton wool plaster.

Crucial! Mineral wool, in contrast to foam, needs a vapor barrier from the street to prevent it from getting wet and losing its ability to insulate against heat.

While polystyrene foam is easier to work with and harder, warming the loggia with cotton wool is less practical.

Glass and foam make for a very robust slab insulation.

Foam glass is another contemporary form of rigid heat-insulating building material. The process of foaming liquid molten glass yields this material.

The content possesses favorable attributes and traits:

• Thermal conductivity – 0.04 – 0.08 W/m × ° C;
• Operational working density – 110 – 200 kg/m²;
• Vapor permeability – 0.005 mg/m × h × pa;
• Compression strength – 0.7 – 4 MPa; To bend – 0.4 – 0.6 MPa;
• Waterjack – up to 5% of volume;
• Noise insulation – up to 56 dB;
• Moisture resistance – high;
• Environmental safety – complete;
• Chemical inertia – absolute;
• Permeability for air – high;
• The service life is unlimited.

The polystyrene foam and the installation instructions for foam glass are the same. Dowels are used to secure and adhere the plates; occasionally, glue is not needed. After plastering and covering the surface with a mesh, the facade coating’s final layer is applied.

Counseling! If the dowel is drilled with an impact, the hole will be larger in diameter. Instead, the hole should be drilled in rotation mode.

Insulation stamps from Trdya offer several benefits when it comes to wall warming. These materials are easy to install and don’t require any specialized knowledge.

Hard insulation reduces heat loss through roofs, providing a strong solution for increasing home comfort and energy efficiency. This kind of insulation creates a dense barrier that successfully lowers thermal bridging. It is usually made of materials like mineral wool or rigid foam boards. Hard insulation aids in maintaining constant indoor temperatures by keeping heat from escaping during the winter and keeping interiors cooler during the summer.

Hard insulation has several advantages, two of which are its structural support and longevity. Hard insulation is indestructible and stays rigid, in contrast to softer insulation materials like cellulose or fiberglass batts, which can settle and lose their effectiveness over time. This feature not only lengthens its lifespan but also strengthens the building’s structural integrity by giving the roof structure more support.

Hard insulation also has the benefit of being widely applicable. It can be installed in cathedral ceilings, pitched roofs, and flat roofs, among other roof configurations. Due to its adaptability to various architectural styles and building requirements, it can be used for both new construction and retrofit projects.

By erecting a sound barrier between the building’s interior and the outside world, hard insulation also helps to reduce noise. This acoustic insulation feature helps create a calmer and more serene indoor environment, which is especially helpful in urban areas or areas with high noise pollution.

To sum up, hard insulation is a dependable option for builders and homeowners wishing to improve the acoustic comfort, structural integrity, and energy efficiency of their residential and commercial structures. Because of its strong construction, adaptability, and dense composition, it is an excellent investment for raising occupant comfort and overall building performance.

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Hard heater