Metal farms for the roof

Recent years have seen a rise in the popularity of metal roofs due to their strength, beauty, and environmental advantages. They provide a contemporary substitute for conventional roofing materials and are frequently utilized in both residential and commercial buildings. Metal roofs can be creatively used in agricultural environments by being customized for use on farm buildings.

Known as "metal farms," these roofs have two functions: they protect agricultural buildings from the elements while utilizing the advantages of metal roofing. They are made to withstand inclement weather, such as intense rain, snow, and wind, guaranteeing the security of machinery, livestock, and produce that is kept in storage underneath.

Metal farms have several benefits, two of which are their durability and low maintenance needs. Metal roofs are incredibly resilient and corrosion-resistant, in contrast to traditional roofing materials that may deteriorate over time. Farmers can save money because of their durability because they need fewer replacements and repairs more frequently.

Metal roofs also help farms become more sustainable. They have less of an impact on the environment since they are frequently made of recycled materials and can be recycled once their useful life is over. Their ability to reflect light also aids in controlling building temperature, which may reduce cooling expenses in the summer.

Metal support roofing

As part of the general rafter system of the house’s roof, the farm is a hanging structure made up of upper and lower belts, braces, and racks. Although it can be made of many materials nowadays, metal structures are growing in popularity.

Although rafter farms can be constructed from a variety of materials, metal buildings are growing in popularity.

Modern technology is used in the construction of metal roofs, which are currently thought to be ideal for a range of building types. Metal frame homes are lightweight, strong, and reliable constructions that can withstand a range of environmental factors.

Such rafter systems are calculated through the use of specialized programs that consider a multitude of factors, contributing to the overall highly reliable design.

Advantages of using metal farms

Metal farms were once used everywhere high-strength structural strength was required; however, these days, private construction is also benefiting from the use of precisely such structures, not just industrial enterprises. There is a current market for metal farms, which fall into two categories: flat and spatial.

The single plane in which every metal rod is positioned sets flat structures apart. Bars made of spatial structures are perfectly able to support loads coming from all directions. It is comparable to the tower crane mechanism, which can withstand relatively heavy, long loads when in operation.

A metal farm consists primarily of a lattice and rafter belt, with a transverse force acting on the grille and a longitudinal force and moment acting on the belt. The area between them is then referred to as the panel, the free gap between the farms as the span, and the height of the space between the belt axes.

Metal farm types.

Today’s metal farms can differ greatly from one another in important ways. Their belt shapes, spans, sizes, and manufacturing processes vary. Accordingly, static farms can be arched, cable, beam, or frame. As they require less material to make than other materials, beams in this instance are more cost-effective when used to build structures that must withstand heavy, continuous loads. Arches are used to create unique and beautiful roof forms, but they require a little more building materials to construct.

Moreover, parallel belts, polygonal, segmented, trapezoidal, and combined circuits are employed. They are all extremely stable, light, and strong. Any calculation for such a design is done with special programs, which guarantees high-quality rafter system installation.

Lightweight metal galvanized profiles (also known as "LSTK," or light steel thin-walled structures) secured with special bolts and self-tapping screws, or unique steel beams with welded joints, are used as raw materials for the construction of metal farms.

Features of calculating metal structures

The process of calculating metal rafter farms calls for specialized knowledge. Usually, designers use specialized programs to perform these calculations while accounting for a multitude of factors. Metal structures are made as reliable as possible by this computation. The following elements need to be considered when calculating the rafter system:

• constant load on the roof (weight of roofing material and the rafter system itself);
• additional loads (wind, snow, the weight of people that rise to the surface of the roof for repair, and so on);
• periodic and special loads (the presence of hurricanes, seismic loads, other random factors).

Snow load plan for the roof.

The formula n = q*k is used to calculate the snow load.

• N – load from snow masses;
• Q is the amount of precipitation per square m in the winter;
• k – coefficient of the angle.

It is important to consider wind loads, which include information on the highest wind speed in the region, the building’s story count, the roof’s structural qualities, and its area.

One should not attempt to calculate metal farms on their own; only a specialist can do this accurately!

Types of metal farms

1. Universal for industrial buildings: single -shield and gable. The spans are unified for them, they are accepted by a multiple of 3 m, can be 18, 24, 30 meters. The angle of inclination of slants is usually 45-50 °, the general form provides the rigidity of the structure, the ability to withstand heavy loads.
2. Metal farms with additional sprengels are used in free -generated structures for large -panel reinforced concrete slabs with a width of 1.5 m. This makes it possible to reduce the weight of the farm by 4-6%.
3. Triangular farms are used for residential buildings when the slope of the roof is planned quite steep.

Rafter metal structure: installation work

Rafter metal farm installation should only be done by specialists. Every mount is completed exclusively in accordance with the project. These mounting systems are both bolted and welded (for various types of material). Installation guidelines vary depending on the design type and specifications; for any kind of farm, it is advised to install additional supports first when there is a span greater than 4.5 meters.

The selection of coating for the roof’s tilt angle

The type and design of all metal rafters are primarily determined by the roof’s slope angle. Examine the following options for the rafter systems device:

1. Slope of 22-30 degrees. When installing a roof with a slope of 22-30 °, you can use such coating options as etternet, iron or slate. In this case, the farms make a triangular shape, their height should be one third from the length of the flight. The weight of such a farm will be relatively small, for the supports you can use the external walls that are built to a small height for the attic. If the span length is 14-20 m, then each half of the farm should have an even number of panels, the length of the panel should be 1.5-2.5 m. For the specified flight length, the optimal number of panels is eight;

The so-called Polonsso farms, a metal design made up of two triangular farms joined by puffs, must be used for large buildings with span lengths between 20 and 35 meters. This allows the middle panels’ long braces to be taken off in order to reduce weight. In this instance, the upper belt needs to be split into 12–16 panels, each measuring 2-2.75 meters in length. A tightening in four to six panels, attached to the nodes of the upper belt, should be factored into the ceiling firing calculation.

1. Slope of 15-22 °. With this slope of the roof, the calculation of metal farms provides for the height of the structure of 1/7 from the length of the flight, the lower belt is made broken, which makes it possible to reduce weight by 30% compared to the usual triangular farm. The length of one span should not be more than 20 meters;
2. Slope from 6 to 15 °. For roofs with a small slope, trapezoidal farms with a height of 1/7 to 1/9 are used. In the event that the ceiling is not suspended, you can use the braces made in the form of a triangular grille. The walls of the attic for the installation of such a system should have a proper height or a roof is designed, which has fractures in supports. The panels of the lower belt should be equal to the size of the panels of the upper belt. The calculation is carried out from the accounting that the length itself should be 1.5-2.5 m, racks are added to all slaughter. In order for the design to be difficult, the grate is used.

The process of making rafter systems out of metal is not new. These buildings were primarily used to build palaces and temples, but they have been known about since the end of the 19th century. Today, metal has been given new life; it is used to construct industrial facilities, residential buildings, and dependable, extremely strong buildings.

Only experts should compute these structures; specialized software is available for this purpose. Metal farms can have a variety of fasteners and manufacturing materials. These are brightened galvanized steel structures that are welded together and fastened with self-tapping screws and bolts. The size and perspective of the farms themselves are primarily determined by the anticipated loads and roof slope.

The rafter metal farm finds application in both private and commercial building construction. She has a long history of being a trustworthy roofing system.

Rail farms Metal: Roof supporting

Farms are structural components that transfer the load to the supports by absorbing it during flight. Rift metal farms are composed of rectangular rods that are "collected" with one another in nodes, giving the appearance of a lattice. The location of the attic floor, the roof’s slope, and the necessary flight length all influence the design that is selected for a given roof.

Steel profiles, typically from the corner, are the primary material used in raft farms. The profile features a round profile pipe for hydraulic structures and a tavrous or double-breed section for heavier structures. Steel rafter farms are commonly utilized in covering and overlapping building structures, typically with span widths greater than 24 meters.

Metal design

These supporting structure elements’ strength and stiffness guarantee their shape. The traditional metal farm is made up of two parallel rods with cooked zigzag in between. Because of this arrangement, a metal structure’s resistance rises even with comparatively little material use.

Fundamental structural components:

• belts, upper and lower, forming the contour;
• grate collected from slants and racks.

The elements’ direct adjacency to one another performs the nodal connection. The grating rods are fastened to the belts by means of shaped elements or welding. Apart from rafter, forcent might also be present. If the space between the columns is greater than the step of the beams or if the columns have a different step, they are utilized as supports for load-bearing structures and ceilings.

Types: on belts and lattices

They are divided into groups based on the lattice type and belt geometry.

Consuming the belt’s outline

• with parallel belts – have quite constructive advantages. The greatest repeatability of details associated with equal lengths of rods for belts and gratings, the same nodes scheme, the minimum number of joints of the belts, allows you to unify the designs, which makes it possible to industrialize their production. They are optimal for soft roofs.

• Trapezoidal (single -sided) – in conjugation with columns makes it possible to arrange hard nodes of frames that increase the rigidity of the building. In the middle of the flight on the grill of these farms there are no long rods. They do not need large slopes.
• polygonal – suitable for heavy buildings used for large spans, while they give significant steel savings. The polygonal outline for light options is irrational, since obtaining slightly saving is incomparable with the complication of the structure.

• triangular – usually used for steep roofs or, based on the operating conditions of the building or type of roofing material. Although they are easy to perform, however have certain constructive disadvantages, say, the complexity of the sharp support node, the increased consumption of materials in the manufacture of too long rods in the central part of the grate. The use of triangular systems in some cases is required, for example, in buildings where it is necessary to ensure a significant and uniform influx of natural light on the one hand.

• triangular – the most effective in the case of parallel belts and a trapezoidal shape, it is possible to use them in a system with a triangular outline;
• Successful – braces, the longest elements, should be stretched, the racks, on the contrary, are compressed. Such a lattice compared to the triangular more time -consuming and has a greater consumption of the material;
• Special – Sprengel, Crusades and others.

Calculation of the triangular farm and its features

The SNiP requirements for "steel structures" and "loads and influences" are considered during computation. Only with specialized knowledge can the metal rafter systems be accurately calculated. Many variables are considered at once, so designers are typically involved in computations with the assistance of specialized programs.

What is the foundation for a triangular farm’s calculations? An illustration

Farms are always subject to loads from the weight of their own bearing structure, lamps, fans, suspended drainage systems, and roofs, among other things. The weight of people on roofs, snow, wind, and suspended cars are examples of temporary loads.

D. Other special or recurring loads, like hurricanes and earthquakes, are also considered.

Making and connection of elements

• Assembly. Collect them in stages from details on tacks.

• A bunch of belts is produced using one or two paired corners:

• The upper belts are made from inconspicuous two corners having a taurus section, the docking is carried out on the smaller sides;
• For the lower belts, accordingly, equivalent corners are used.

• If an element of a large length, connecting and overhead plates are used. In the case of loads formed within the boundaries of its panels, paired channels are used.
• The angle of installation of slants is 45 °, and the racks – 90 °. For their manufacture, equivable corners are used, fastening the elements by means of plates. Corners in the cross section are either cross -shaped or taurus.
• Fully welded systems are made using TAVR.

• Welding. Когда сборка на прихватках закончена вручную или полуавтоматическим способом выполняют сварочные работы, после чего каждый шов зачищают.
• Coloring. In the rafter structure, holes are drilled at the final stage and cover it with anti -corrosion compounds.

A few guidelines for the device

The roof’s slope has a major impact on the kind and layout of metal rafters. Examine the connection between the rafter systems’ device and the roof’s slope:

• 6–15 ° – trapezoidal farm, height 1/7–19 of its length. To arrange the attic, or its walls must have an appropriate height, or the designed roof should have fractures in supports. The size of the panels of the lower and upper belt should be the same. To relieve the lattice is used.
• 15–22 ° – the height of the structure made of metal is 1/7 of the length, the lower belt should be broken – this allows you to reduce weight compared to the usual triangular about 30%. In this case, one span along the length should not exceed 20 m.
• 22–30 ° – a triangular system, height 1/3 of the length. Since its weight is relatively small, the external walls erected to a small height can serve as a support.

• With a span length of 14-20 m, in each half of it there should be an even number of panels with a length of 1.5-2.5 m. Eight panels are considered optimal for this length.
• If the span length is larger (20–35 m) use Polonsso farms, two triangular, connected by puffs. In this case, long braces of central panels can be removed and thereby reduced the weight. The upper belt in this case is divided into 12-16 panels of 2.0–2.75 m in length.

Farmers with spans of 18, 21, and 24 meters from rolling corners (Series 1.263.2-4, Issue 1). km-long drawings (7.1 MIB, 368 Hits)

1.263-2-4.1 km-4 Farm plans featuring nodes for marketing. A farm stealing voting stamps

1.263-2-4.1 km-5 farm arrangement schemes with ties and an 18 m span

1.263-2-4.1 km-6 farm schemes with ties and a span of 21 m

1.263-2-4.1 km-7 farm schemes with ties and a 24 m span

1.263-2-4.1 km-8 farm scheme with elements for labeling

9. types of farms by span l = 18 m and H = 1.2 m, 1.263-2-4.1 km

Farm farm span l = 18 m and H = 1.8 m, 1.263-2-4.1km-10

Farm varieties 1.263-2-4.1km-11 by span l = 21 mand H = 1.8 m

12.263-2-4.1km-12 farm varieties by span length of 24 mand height of 1.8 m

1.263-2-4.1 km-13 vertical tie schemes B-1 and B-2

Knot 1: 1.263-2-4.1km-14

1.263-2.41 km/h (15 knots) 2.3

1.263-2-4.1 kilometers-16 knots

Knot 5 1.263-2-4.1km-17

Knot 6 1.263-2-4.1km-18

Knot 7 1.263-2-4.1km

1.263-2-4.1 km at 20 kmph

1.263-2-4.1 km at 21 kmph

Knot 10 1.263-2-4.1km-22

1.263-2-4.1 km at 23 kph

1.263-2-4.1 km–24 Nodes 12–15

1.263-2-4.1km-25 signal for figuring out the farm nodes’ welds

1.263-2-4.1km-26 holes for ties to be attached along the upper zones of farms

1.263-2-4.1 km-27 Plan of assembly for reinforced concrete slabs with specific welding information attached to farm belts

1.263-2-4.1 km-28 Details of steel farms with an 18-meter span

1.263-2-4.1 km-29 Details of steel farms with a 21-meter span

1.263-2-4.1 km-30 Steel farm specifications presented in a 24-meter flight

The State Committee for Architecture and Civil Construction under the State Construction of the USSR 13.10.1982 has given its approval.

Farmers with a span of 27, 30, and 36 meters from rolling corners—Series 1.263.2-4, Issue 2. km-long drawings (8.8 MIB, 129 hits)

1.263-2-4.2km-2 Farm plans featuring nodes for labeling. A farm stealing voting stamps

1.263-2-4.2km-3 farm plan with ties and a 27-meter span

1.263-2-4.2km-4 farm locations diagram with ties and a 30 m span

Diagram of the farms with ties and a span of 36 meters, 1.263-2-4.2km-5

1.263-2-4.2 km—six farms with identifying features

7.7 varieties of farms by span (l = 27 m; H = 1.8 m): 1.263-2-4.2 km

8. varieties of farms by span (l = 27 m; H = 2.1 m): 1.263-2-4.2 km

9. varieties of farms by span l = 30 m; H = 1.8 m; 1.263-2-4.2 km

10. varieties of farms by span l = 30 m; H = 2.1 m; 1.263-2-4.2 km

Farm varieties by span (l = 36 m; H = 2.1 m): 1.263-2-4.2 km-11

Farm varieties measured by span (l = 36 m; H = 2.4 m): 1.263-2-4.2 km

1.263-2-4.2km-13 vertical tie schemes, B-1, B-2, and B-3

Knot 1: 1.263-2-4.2km-14

1.263–4.2 km–15 knots 2.3

Knot 4 1.263-2-4.2km

Knot 5 1.263-2-4.2km

1.263-2-4.2 km at 18 kmph

Knot 7 1.263-2-4.2km

1.263-2-4.2 km at 20 kph

1.263-2.22 km/s 21 knots

Knot 10-13 1.263-2-4.2km-22

1.263-2-4.2km-23 indication regarding the farms nodes’ weld calculations

1.263-2-4.2km-24 holes to be marked for ties along farms’ upper zones

1.263-2-4.2km-25 diagram showing how reinforced concrete slabs are arranged and how they are welded to farm belts

1.263-2-4.2 km-26 Steel farm specifications: span = 27 m, H = 1.8 m

1.263-2-4.2 km-27 Steel farm specifications: span = 27 m, H = 2.1 m

1.263-2-4.2 km-28 Steel farm specifications: span l = 30 m, H = 1.8 m

1.263-2-4.2 km-29 Steel farm specifications: span l = 30 m; H = 2.1 m

1.263-2-4.2 km-30 Steel farm specifications: span = 36 m, H = 2.1 m

1.263-2-4.2 km-31 Steel farm specifications: span = 36 m, H = 2.4 m

Moscow Road Institute (MAD) Minuvaz of the USSR has been accepted.

President of the Russian Federation accepted

Accepted: CITP Soviet Genocide

The State Committee for Architecture and Civil Construction under the State Construction of the USSR 04.01.1983 approved

Farmers under a lightweight roof (11.6% MIB, 80 hits) with a span of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 36 meters from the rolling corners are covered by Series 1.263.2-4. Issue 3.

1.263-2-4.1km-2 Farm schemes featuring nodes for labeling. A farm stealing voting stamps

The farms’ 1.263-2-4.1 km-3 plan includes connections, grunts, and an 18 m span.

1.263-2-4.1 km-4 farm arrangement plan including groomers, connections, and a 21-meter span

1.263-2-4.1 km-5 plans for farm layouts with a 24-meter span, runs, and connections

1.263-2-4.1 km-6 farm schemes with runs and connections spanning 27 m

1.263-2-4.1 km-7 farm schemes with runs and connections spanning 30 m

1.263-2-4.1 km-8 plans for farm layouts with a 36 m span, runs, and connections

1.263-2-4.1 km-9 farm scheme with elements for labeling

Farm farm span l = 18 m; H = 1.2 m; 1.263-2-4.1km-10

Farm varieties by span (l = 18 m; H = 1.8 m): 1.263-2-4.1 km-11

Farm varieties measured by span (l = 21 m; H = 1.8 m): 1.263-2-4.1 km-12

13. types of farms by span (l = 24 m; H = 1.8 m): 1.263-2-4.1 km

14 types of farms by span (l = 27 m; H = 1.8 m): 1.263-2-4.1 km

Farm variety 1.263-2-4.1 km-15 with span l = 27 mand H = 2.1 m

Farm varieties measured by span (l = 30 m; H = 1.8 m): 1.263-2-4.1 km-16

17 different farm varieties by span (l = 30 m; H = 2.1 m): 1.263-2-4.1 km

18 different farm types by span (l = 36 m; H = 2.1 m): 1.263-2-4.1 km

19. types of farms by span (l = 36 m; H = 2.4 m): 1.263-2-4.1 km

1.263-2-4.1 km-20 vertical bond schemes B-1… B-4

1.263-2-4.1 km at 21 kph

Knot 2.3 1.263-2-4.1km-22

1.263-2.41 km at 23 knots

1.263-2-4.1 km at 24 kph

1.263-2-4.1 km at 25 kmph

Knot 7 1.263-2-4.1km

Knot 8 1.263-2-4.1km-27

1.263-2-4.1 km at 28 kph

Knot 10 1.263-2-4.1km-29

1.263-2-4.1 km at 30 kmph

Nodes 12–15; 1.263-2–4.1 km–31

1.263-2-4.1 km-32 signal for figuring out the farm nodes’ welds

1.263-2-4.1 km-33 marking of holes for tying ties along the farms’ upper zones at l = 18–24 m

1.263-2-4.1km-34 marking holes for tying ties along the farms’ upper zones at l = 27–36 m

1.263-2-4.1 km-35 tables for selecting flooring profile sizes and run stamps

1.263-2-4.1 km-36 Farms’ specifications for steel were span l = 18 m; n = 1.2 m; and n = 1.8 m.

1.263-2-4.1 km–37 The farms specified the steel as follows: n = 1.8 m, l = 24 m, and span l = 27 m.

1.263-2-4.1 km-38 Farms’ specifications for steel were span l = 27 m; n = 1.8 m; and n = 2.7 m.

1.263-2-4.1 km-39 The farms specified the steel as follows: span l = 30 m; n = 1.8 m; n = 2.1 m

1.263-2-4.1 km–40 Steel farm specifications: span = 36 m, H = 2.1 m

1.263-2-4.1 km-41 Farms’ steel specifications are as follows: H = 2.4 m, l = 36 m.

The State Committee for Civil Construction and Architecture under the USSR 06.05.1983 has given its approval.

POP-4 farmers in series 1.263.2-4 with spans of 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 m made of welded vise profiles (low height) (139 Hits, 6.8 MIB)

Farms with labeling nodes spread across 1.263-2-4.4-01 km. preparing farms to receive stamps

1.263-2-4.4-02 km of farms arranged in a 15.18 m span with ties

1.263-2-4.4-03 km of farms arranged in a span of 21.24 meters with ties

The arrangement of farms with a span of 27.30 m and ties is 1.263-2-4.4-04 km.

1.263-2.4-05 km of farms with distinguishing features

Farms spanning 1.263-2-4.4-06 km and measuring 15.18.21 m

1.263-2-4.4-07 km of farms separated by a 24 m distance

Farms spanning 27 meters and measuring 1.263-2-4.4-08 km

30 m across 1.263-2-4.4-09 km of farms

10.km geometric schemes 1.263-2-4.4

Node 1.2, 1.263-2-4.4-11 km

8. 1.263-2-4.4-12 km knot 3

Farms that support nodes (options) 1.263-2-4.4-13km

Portions of the floor plan with the location: 1.263-2-4.4-14 km

The maximum calculated load on the flooring is 1.263-2-4.4-15 km.

Tie mounting unit 1.263-2-4.4-16 km

1.263-2-4.4-17 km agricultural welds

Specifics: 1.263-2-4.4-18 km D-1… D-3

1.263-2-4.4-19km Steel farm specifications spanning 15.18.21 and 24 m

1.263-2-4.4-20 km Steel farm specifications for 27 and 30 m spans

1.263-2-4.4-21 km

The 29.03.1984 State Construction of the USSR Committee for Civil Construction and Architecture gave its approval.

Light metal structures with unique strength are metallic farm rafters. They are lattice, as opposed to continuously designed beams.

"Metal roofs are a strong and practical option for contemporary agricultural structures. Metal farms for roofs offer strong weather resistance for barns and sheds while fostering economy and sustainability. These roofs guarantee long-term dependability and minimal maintenance because they are lightweight, simple to install, and extremely resistant to fire, mildew, and pests. Metal farms for roofs come in a range of designs and coatings that can improve agricultural buildings’ visual appeal while also providing superior energy efficiency and environmental advantages. The choice of a metal roof guarantees longevity and peace of mind, regardless of the size of the farm."

Making rafter farms with your own hands

In earlier pieces, we looked at different wood rafter systems, such as roofs with four-sized rafters. However, ready-made wooden, steel, or metal rafter farms are frequently utilized when building a structure for roofing. Such a solution is fairly obvious; however, not everyone is capable of accurately calculating the load on every component of rafter systems and avoiding material errors. And this is still only half the age, since in order for the roof to stand as tall as it should, rafter systems must be installed further away from this material in a competent and high-quality manner.

The concept of a rafter farm

Prior to delving into the pros and cons of different completed rafter structures, we must address the jargon. The technical literature defines a rafter farm in two ways:

The first farm describes a structure made up of interconnected rafter legs, crossbars, racks, struts, and struts that all lie in the same plane.

The second farm claims that this is a hanging structure made up of slants, racks, and an upper and lower belt. Since the second definition is thought to be more accurate, that is the one on which our description will be based.

Once the definition of a farm has been established, you can move on to analyzing potential finished farm options. The location of the attic overlap, the roof’s slope, and the necessary span length all influence the farms design choice for a given roof.

The roof has a 22–30º slope.

If, according to the project of your house, the slope of the roof should be from 22 to 30º, and with roofing material you chose slate, iron or etternet, then the best choice is a triangular farm 1/5 of the length of the flight (FIGs. 1). Since it will have the lowest weight, and the outer walls can be built to a small height within the attic at the supports of such a farm. If the span is from 14 to 20 m, it is best to choose a farm with descending braces, also because such a design has the smallest weight. The length of the panel in the upper zone of the farm should be from 1.5 to 2.5 m. In both halves of the farm there should be an even number of panels, therefore, for the above span sizes, the number of panels will be 8. If an industrial -type structure is built, then the installation of rafter farms lead to undergrowth farms that connect the support columns among themselves and serve as the basis for farms. In such buildings, the length of the spans can be from 20 to 35 m. In this case, Polonsso farms are used (FIG. 2). This is a design of two triangular farms that are connected by a puff. Such a structure allows you to remove long braces in medium panels, since to resist the longitudinal bend, their cross section must be seriously increased, and this weights the farm design. The upper belt is divided into 12 or 16 panels, each of which has a length of 2 to 2.75 m. If the ceiling is fucked to the farms, then the tightening of 4-6 panels should be mounted in the nodes of the upper belt.

Figure 4 depicts one of the types of farms that are utilized for roofs with such a slope. Here, a rod with a tilt down is used in the first panel to increase the angle between the upper and lower belts. As a result, the support nodes are streamlined and the belts’ efforts are diminished.

The roof has a 15–22º slope.

If the slope of the roof is from 15 to 22º, then the calculation of the rafter farm determines the required height equal to 1/7 of the length of the flight. To increase the height to 0.16-0.23 span lengths, the lower belt is made broken (FIG. 9). This allows you to reduce the weight of the farm compared to a simple triangular shape by 30%. When using such farms with 8 panels, a slight increase in the walls of the attic is required. The length of the spans for the use of such farms should be no more than 20 m. For spans with a length of 20 m, a Polonsso farm with a broken lower belt is used (FIG.10).

The roof has a 6–15º slope.

For such small slopes, trapezoidal farms are used (FIG.eleven). Trapezoid farms have the smallest weight at a height of 1/7 or 1/9 of the length of the flight. If the ceiling is not suspended to the farm, then you can use braces in the form of a simple triangular grate. The number of panels is calculated in the same way as for triangular farms. To install such farms, it is necessary that the walls of the attic in the supports of the farm have a sufficient height. Either a roof with a fracture at the supports is designed. If the ceiling is suspended, then the panels of the lower belt should be equal to the panels of the upper belt along the length. In this case, the length of the panels is 1.5-2.5 m and racks are added to the slants. In order not to weight the structure, a grate depicted in the figure is used – FIG.12. Here, the compressive force takes short racks, on which the longitudinal bend is less affected.

Polonsso farms are used when a complex geometry ceiling is designed in a room where its middle needs to be raised in relation to the farm’s supports. The production of a multi-angle rafter, in which the lower belt is raised, is appropriate for projects where the building’s ceiling needs to be raised significantly in relation to the farm’s support (FIG. 5, 6). These structures are 1/6 or 1/7 as tall as the flight length. In this instance, the roof may be attic or straight.

An asymmetric farm is used when installing a plain roof with a slope of 6–10º (FIG. 13). The following additional details regarding metal farm modeling can be obtained from the video:

Resources for Metal Farms

All elements of the farms are most often made from the paired profile, the conjugation in the nodes is made using scarves. The design is welded or riveted. What should be the cross section of the elements, how many welds are needed, how many rivets will be needed, determined using calculations. The upper belts of the farms are made of two inconspicuous corners in the form of a taurus section. The corners are joined by the smaller side. The lower belts are made of two equalizable corners. If the farm is undergoing a load within the panels, paired channels are used. Flates and racks are made of equal corners so that they have a cross -shaped or taurus section. If the farm is completely welded, then taurus are used for its manufacture.

A rafter farm built from a profile pipe was very common in individual construction because these farms are significantly lighter than those built from corner, Taurus, or Channel. Additionally, they can be gathered on the construction site by welding directly. Pipes can be used to create any of the ideas shown above. Farm profile pipes can be bent or hot rolled. Steel tape with a thickness of 1.5 to 5 mm and a rectangular section is used to make hot-rolled pipes.

The shape of metal rafter farms varies based on the roof’s slope. The location of the overlap, the roof’s slope, and the necessary flight length all influence the design choice.

Homeowners are beginning to choose metal roofs because of their strength, energy efficiency, and visual appeal. Metal roofs provide clear benefits over more conventional roofing materials like wood shakes or asphalt shingles. They are renowned for their resilience to inclement weather, including severe winds, snowfall, and rain. They are a dependable option for homes in a variety of climates because of their resilience.

The durability of metal roofs is one of their main advantages. In contrast to numerous other roofing materials that might require replacement every 15 to 20 years, metal roofs, when properly maintained, can endure for up to 50 years. By lowering the need for frequent roof replacements and the waste that goes along with them, this longevity not only lowers long-term maintenance costs but also supports environmental sustainability.

Metal roofs are valued for their energy efficiency in addition to their durability. They can save up to 25% on cooling expenses in warmer climates by reflecting solar radiant heat. For homeowners who care about the environment, metal roofs are an excellent option because they can be fully recycled at the end of their life and are frequently made from recycled materials.

When it comes to design, metal roofs are versatile. Because they are available in an array of designs, hues, and textures, homeowners can coordinate the roof’s aesthetics with the rest of their house. Metal roofs can be used to match any architectural style, whether they are designed to resemble traditional roofing materials or to have a sleek, contemporary finish.

Video on the topic

Farm welding 12 meters. We are building a warehouse. Part-15.

Installation of metal farms 21m

Roof, roof frame, metal farms, installation and installation on the building.