Metal farms: independent calculation and manufacturing features

Because of metal roofing’s strength, beauty, and environmental advantages, it is growing in popularity. Metal roofs are less maintenance-intensive and have a longer lifespan than conventional roofing materials like clay or asphalt tiles. They are frequently constructed from materials like copper, aluminum, or steel, each of which has special qualities and benefits.

The resilience of metal roofs to harsh weather is one of their main advantages. Metal roofs are made to withstand strong winds and loads of snow with dependable weather protection. Long-term costs are lower due to their resilience, which also increases the structure’s safety and lessens the need for frequent replacements or repairs.

In the production of metal roofing, accuracy and experience are essential. Every roof panel is made to order based on the precise measurements of the building, guaranteeing a tight fit and easy installation. With the intricate designs and profiles made possible by modern manufacturing techniques, homeowners can choose from a variety of options to match their architectural style.

Accurate measurements and careful consideration of variables like surface area, slope, and roof pitch are necessary when determining the materials needed for a metal roof. This independent computation guarantees that the roof optimizes material utilization, lowering waste and project costs overall, in addition to meeting structural requirements.

Knowing these manufacturing features and calculations can help homeowners thinking about metal roofing make well-informed decisions about the style, longevity, and upkeep of their roof. A metal roof can increase the curb appeal and value of any home while offering decades of dependable service with proper installation and ongoing maintenance.

Advantages and disadvantages for private construction

Today, industrial and residential buildings are actively constructed using durable metal farms. Furthermore, building multi-story office buildings and constructing warehouses, sports facilities, shopping centers, and exhibition pavilions are all impossible without such a dependable construction system. This is not shocking, as metal farms work particularly well when obstructing wide areas.

Metal pipe farms have several important advantages over other types of farms.

• Stability to deformation at loads.
• Light weight thanks to hollow structures.
• Affordable cost for private construction.
• The ability to build safe complex structures without loss of strength.
• High fire safety.
• Durability, strength and reliability.

From a constructive perspective, using farms is even better than using beams. Ultimately, they withstand far more severely with less weight than when utilizing traditional I-beams and channels. The farms are also less metal-intensive at the same time.

Metal farms are comparable to steel beams in certain ways, but they use far less material overall. Moreover, they are equally effective. Furthermore, a metal farm functions exceptionally well for compression and stretching, which sets it apart from rafters that are just gathered together.

Additionally, unlike wooden rafters, metal does not mold, rot, or get destroyed by insects or fungi. A lot more work goes into breaking through a ton of snow. They also gather these rafters more quickly than other materials.

Types of farms for different tasks

You’ll be shocked at the variety of metal farms available:

Let’s examine the careful, most widely used types of metal farms, which are typically made in Russian factories:

• Parallel – the simplest and most economical, for the manufacture of which the same details are used.
• Classic arched, in which the lower and upper belt look like arcs, and the belts are interconnected by stiffeners. Different types of such an arch are distinguished by a radius. And the radius itself is determined by external limiters as the size of the rafter system, the roof design you planned and the complexity of its design.
• Triangular single -shoe, which are most often used for roofing with steep slopes.
• Triangular gables, more suitable for roofs with steep slopes, but leave a considerable share of waste after production.
• Polygonal, which are well suited for roofs made of heavy flooring, but are difficult to install.
• Trapezidal, similar to polygonal, but with a more simplified design.
• Segmented, suitable for buildings with a light -transmitting roof, but the most difficult in production. To make them, make arched elements with accurate geometry, which allows you to evenly distribute the load.

But among the well-known and lesser-known varieties of metal canopies are:

Metal farm architecture: elements, nodes and stress

A metal farm, then, is a system of pipes and hard fasteners that is welded or prefabricated. There are several components in this design:

• Belts, upper and lower, which serve as a frame.
• Gratings that connect both levels.
• Racks that are mounted perpendicular to the belt.
• Slants that are connected at an angle to the lower and upper level.
• Sprengel – auxiliary slanting.
• The knot is a point at which several rods converge at once. Here, pipes are connected using a shaped – a special metal sheet.
• The panel is the distance between the neighboring nodes, and the span is the distance between the supports of the rafter systems.

Using a flange connection, rallying beams or profile pipes make up the metal farm’s upper waist. From the same materials, lower.

Paired channel installation is only required if the farm starts to draw power at the panel level. Additionally, round, corner, or profile pipes are used to make the inner racks and braces.

Within the farm, the lattices are arranged in a variety of ways, all of which are determined solely by pragmatic factors. The stronger the design is overall and the higher the cost (the material goes farther!), the more transverse elements there are. Consider the following options for creating a triangle farm:

A metal farm’s internal layout is chosen based on the intended level of loads and the constructive requirements. Additionally, the type of crate that is selected has an impact on the metal farm’s manufacturing budget, complexity, weight, and appearance.

Let’s examine the common varieties of metal farm interior grilles:

• The least nodes in triangular a grate that is most often found in a parallel and trapezoidal farm. Moreover, such a grate is considered the most economical, t.To. She has a minimum total length of the rods.
• Sparengel a grate is needed where the main load falls on the upper belt. Therefore, it is used when it is necessary to maintain the distance between the runs.
• Succous the farm is made when the racks have to withstand great efforts.
• Cross A variety is needed for frames in which the calculated load goes immediately in both directions.
• Cross a lattice is needed for farms that are made from Taurus.
• Half -haired and a rhombic lattice is needed for farms with such a high height as when creating bridges and masts. Such frames are obtained with high stiffness thanks to two brace.

All of these farms appear like this in real life:

For instance, something that is uncommon to see in a sprayer farm is this:

In contrast, roofing metal farms are straight, single-sided, and gable-shaped. Despite appearing fragile, metal farms do not deform even on large spans because of their stiffness ribs.

The number of belts further divides metal farms into species. These farms are either spatially more complex, with the belts in parallel planes, or flat, with the nodes and rods in the same plane.

"Homeowners can benefit from the special advantages that come with metal roofing, which combine strength and beauty. The practical aspects of calculating and producing metal roofs are examined in this article, which highlights the material’s distinction from more conventional roofing materials. Every step, from determining the size of the roof to choosing the appropriate metal type, is essential to guaranteeing a precise fit and long-term resistance to weather and wear. Homeowners can improve the functionality and value of their properties by upgrading to a metal roof by knowing these procedures and making well-informed decisions."

Roofing farms design

So let’s examine how to compute the farm for a canopy or more substantial building precisely so that you don’t buy excess material and can determine its strength.

We suggest that you use pre-made, standard projects that have been tried and tested through practice. Ideally, you can speak with an experienced master about the chosen plan before putting it into practice.

The first step in creating a blueprint for a future metal farm is to draw one if you choose to handle things yourself. Ascertain its shape, the need for a space beneath the ceiling, and the type of roofing that will be used.

The type of roofing material, its weight, the inclination angle, and the farm’s mobility all affect how tall a metal farm can be.

Regulations

Thus, farms have to adhere to these state requirements:

• GOST 23118-99 (about general TU for steel designs).
• GOST 23119-78 (on the requirements for the production of farms when you need welding of corners).
• GOST 23119-78 (about TU for the production of metal farms, welding of profile pipes).

Additionally, you’ll need data from P-23-81 (about steel structures), SNiP 2.01.07-85 (on loads and influences), and SNiP (about steel structures) in order to properly design a metal farm.

Without really bothering, you can create a farm "by eye" for a garage or canopy. In any event, you will obtain the required strength by using more material than you require on a hunch. However, these farms need to be calculated as precisely as possible for the house in order to be able to withstand all of the elements and not put undue strain on the foundation on their own.

These considerations are made for this:

• Constant loads, like the weight of the roofing.
• Periodic loads, like changeable weather, hurricanes and even tornado.
• Additional loads, like snow and winds, as well as the weight of a person who can be on a roof during repair work.

The farm’s capacity to bear fruit increases with height. Additionally, the bearing capacity is influenced by the stiffness of the ribs; the larger these ribs, the stronger the farm. However, it is also more expensive and difficult.

In addition, the lowest weight metal farms are achieved at heights of 1/7 or 1/9 of the flight length. They are also made easier by a unique grill that takes the compression force in short racks.

Calculation of the height and length of the farm

It is crucial to carry out certain metal farm calculations when designing and manufacturing the farm:

• Step 1. Determine the width of the span in the construction, select the roof shape and the slope angle.
• Step 2. Select the waist contour taking into account the estimated level of load on the farm.
• Step 3. Calculate the size of the frame and whether you will collect it or cook it yourself, or order it.
• Step 4. To calculate the optimal height of metal farms, apply such formulas (L is the length of the farm):

If the frame is triangular, then H = 1/4 × lor n = 1/5 × l If parallel, trapezoidal, or polygonal, H = 1/8 × l. In this instance, the upper belt’s slope ought to be either 1/8 × l or 1/12 × l.

We now calculate the panels’ sizes. Remember that the panel is the separation between the racks through which the entire load is transmitted. Furthermore, the panels respond to the varying slanting angles found in various farms. An angle of 45 degrees, for instance, would be present in a farm with a triangular grille and 35 degrees in a shaft with a lattice.

Lastly, we establish the brace arrangement angle, which should be precisely 45 degrees but should range from 35 to 50 degrees.

With the many modern, specialized programs available, you can verify the value you receive:

Selection of the parameters of the farm

The attic ceiling’s shape, the roof’s angle, and the intended span length are taken into consideration when choosing the ideal farm design.

Consequently, the triangular farm is thought to be the most practical for a residential building’s roof, with a height of roughly the fifth of the flight length:

If the span length is important, i.e., between 14 and 20 meters, choose the design that descends. In this instance, a panel that is 1.5 to 2.5 meters long should be present on the upper portion of the farm. Thus, there will be an equal number of panels on both structures.

Long braces, which aid in resisting the longitudinal bend, will not be used on these farms. However, typically, this requires creating a sizable section that repeatedly weighs the entire structure. In this instance, the farm’s upper portion is separated into twelve or sixteen panels, each measuring 2-2.75 meters.

However, the roof’s ceiling is occasionally designed with intricate geometry. In this instance, either the same farms are utilized, or its middle portion is raised above the supports. Yes, compared to the standard triangular shape, this option is a little more complicated, but we have faith that you can handle it!

The height of the ceiling from the supports is intended to be even higher, even in the event that the farm is unsuitable. The polygonal metal farms are then positioned in which the lower belt is raised. Thus, the belt is broken below in order to raise the structure’s height to 0.23 span lengths.

Asymmetric or trapezium farms are positioned with roof angles ranging from 6 to 15 degrees. Selecting a segment is preferable if you wish to achieve both an even ceiling and a lovely exterior shape.

Furthermore, a lot less material will be used for it. Additionally, as the span lengthens, the segment form’s effectiveness increases:

How to make such a farm yourself?

These days, metal farms have the option to make their own or purchase it already completed from the factory.

Thus, they are made of the following materials:

• Aluminum profiles are easy and suitable for roofing with a light coating.
• Metal round and profile pipes delight with a large selection of cross -section, thickness of the walls and the composition of the alloy. Such farms are suitable for creating a roof of any idea and complexity.
• Taurus rental and channel are suitable for roofing with special loads. For private housing construction, such farms are rarely used due to their significant weight.
• From a metal corner or LSTK, simpler and more lightweight structures are collected. Such farms are suitable for a canopy and construction of household premises.

To be fair, though, we should point out that today, fairly sturdy gable roofs for garages or summer houses are being constructed from the corner. Unless, naturally, your area experiences excessive snowfall:

Currently, LSTK farms are installed on frame homes in an active manner:

These days, the most common kind of metal farms are constructed from non-round pipe. In the section, it takes the form of an oval, square, or rectangle. Steel 09g2s, ST3SP, and stainless steel are used to make these pipes.

You may find it interesting to know that such a pipe has a round initial shape before being deformed into a square or other profile using a cold or hot method. These pipes are made by them, and their smallest measurements are 15 x 15 mm or 45 x 35 cm at most. GOST is regulated by the pipes’ quality.

The size of these farms is directly impacted by the shape of the pipe itself. Therefore, the most flexible are those that flatove; from them, complex farms with exquisite forms can be produced. Additionally, pipes with square and rectangular shapes work well for surface-mount fastening.

Also note how skillfully the arched farms made from square profile pipes are manually obtained:

These days, hot-rolled and bent profile pipes are utilized in the production of metal farms. The material used to make hot-rolled ones is tape with a cross section that is square or rectangle-shaped and has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 mm. You come across this kind of content most frequently.

Instead of using a profile pipe for the arrangement of metal farms, a channel made up of beams shaped like the letter P, Taurus shaped like the letter T, and corners shaped like the letter G works well. Nevertheless, profile farms by weight are the easiest of all of these designs. Another benefit is that all of this design can be easily assembled right away using welding.

Prefabricated buildings are now easily ordered online or picked up in person. Then, in their completed form, they are already raised on the roof. Strict collection guidelines should be followed in accordance with the factory’s meticulous drawings.

You’ll need the following for this:

• Bolts. This is the easiest way, and the reliability of such a connection already depends on the quality of the fasteners and the degree of its tension. Typically, such fastening is made using special keys with long handles or pneumatic tools.
• Welding. When the farm should turn out as hard and stable as possible, then they resort to welding. All nodes are connected by rivets. But this method is for industrial construction, and it is a bolt connection for the installation of a rafter system of an ordinary residential building.

This is how the gathered farm on the bolts appears:

The components of the factory farm itself include belts, braces, and racks. Additionally, it is beneficial if the installation holes are pre-drilled in each of these components. If not, then the technique of grabbing or employing clamps connects the details.

This is how welding is used to create homemade metal farms:

Here’s another excellent example of how to make a farm like this:

Lastly, thermoprofiles composed of thin-rolled steel that has been galvanized are still in use today in frame construction.

The bottom line is that there are no cold bridges and nearly equal thermal conductivity between steel farms and wooden beams due to the unique shape of the through slots that run the length of the rafters.

T.e. The drawbacks that have consistently set metal farms apart from wooden ones are entirely eliminated by such material for metal farms.

Metal roofs combine affordability and durability, which is a major benefit for farms and agricultural buildings. They are a dependable option for farmers looking for long-term solutions because of their resistance to inclement weather, such as wind, rain, and snow. A metal roof’s design process involves independent calculations to guarantee that the load requirements, which are determined by the local climate and building codes, are met.

Meticulousness and precision are essential in the manufacturing of metal roofing. To guarantee a perfect fit and top performance, every part—from the panels to the fasteners—is made to precise measurements. This accuracy not only increases the roof’s longevity but also makes installation easier, saving farmers money on labor and time on their projects.

The adaptability of metal roofs for farms is one of their best qualities. They can be made to fit a variety of farm buildings, including storage sheds and barns, and they offer consistent protection throughout the property. This versatility includes a range of design choices, such as distinct hues and textures, which enable farmers to coordinate their roofs with pre-existing structures or their own tastes.

It’s important to speak with knowledgeable experts who comprehend the particular difficulties and needs of agricultural environments when thinking about installing a metal roof on a farm. These experts can provide customized guidance on components, design factors, and installation methods to guarantee the roof functions at its best for the duration of its life.

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