Roof at home: varieties, instructions for independent construction

One of the most important parts of your house is the roof, which protects you and your possessions from the elements all year long. There are many types of roofs, and each is appropriate for a particular climate, style of architecture, and price range. Before starting any construction project, it’s important to know your options, whether you want to build a modern flat roof, a traditional pitched roof, or something in between.

Although building or remodeling a roof can seem overwhelming, many homeowners can successfully complete the project themselves with the correct planning and knowledge. It’s crucial that you familiarize yourself with local building codes and regulations before you start. Furthermore, assembling the required equipment and supplies and thoroughly organizing every stage will guarantee a more seamless building process. You will gain the confidence to take on this project by following this guide, which will take you through the fundamentals of roof construction.

Every type of roof has benefits and things to keep in mind of its own. Pitched roofs, which are easily identified by their sloping shape, are typical in regions that receive a lot of rain or snow because of their effective water and debris drainage. On the other hand, because of their contemporary design, flat roofs are common in urban areas and offer more outdoor space. Whichever option you select, being aware of the structural prerequisites and upkeep requirements will enable you to make an informed choice that satisfies both your functional and aesthetic requirements.

Which to build a roof will be easier and more economical

Depending on the installation of the structure, the roof can be flat, when the angle of inclination does not exceed 12 degrees, and the slope – the slope exceeds the indicated value. Flat roofs are built with a slope of 1-3 degrees, which will be enough to take moisture from the surface in a timely manner. In general, the stages of the construction of flat structures are similar, differences are available only in their arrangement. Depending on the outlines of the laying of the insulation and the waterproofing layer, there are ordinary and inversion roofs. The second option differs in that the installation of a waterproof insulation is carried out on top of waterproofing.

A flat roofing system’s carrier frame is put together using metal profiles, monolithic reinforced concrete, and either wooden rafters or metal beams. Flat roofs can be successfully used for relaxation when they are sown with grass or coated with a specific material to conserve space. The lawn requires very little maintenance; it is simply watered like regular plants and the soil is moved into a warm room for the winter. Creating green lawns won’t be difficult; the only thing to keep in mind is that a waterproofing polymer membrane installation is required, albeit at a significant expense.

Of course, having a flowering clearing over your head is interesting, but a pitched roof is a more useful design. Due to the large sloping corner of the roof, one of its bright features is the possibility of natural cleaning from moisture and snow masses. Another benefit is the roof’s high reliability when compared to a flat surface. A vacant area that can be used as an attic or loft exists. The high cost of materials and the difficulty of repair in the event of defects are drawbacks to building a pitched structure.

Features of a gable (spike) roof

This form is thought to be the most prevalent, which makes sense given how well it extracts moisture from precipitation drops. Building a gable or single-slot roof is equally straightforward, but if you equip the structure with a closed rafter system, it will be sturdy. Even a novice can comprehend the gable roof’s design, and the material needed for it will only be minimal. The best way to arrange window openings in pediments is to put them on slopes to avoid creating issues for the attic’s equipment.

It is not necessary for the roof to have a symmetrical shape; the interior layout will also determine whether the slope of the slopes is altered to one’s preference. The roof will have an even more intricate shape if the house’s plan calls for a shape other than a rectangle.

The gable roof could be made of:

• inclined and hanging rafters;
• uneven angles of inclination;
• Different size cornice overhangs.

Two construction phases make up the gable structure:

1. First, a crate is built on top of the load -bearing beams.
2. After that, the roofing is installed. To assemble the crate and rafters, boards and bars are selected, as well as bolts, nails or special connecting elements as fasteners. The rafters can be made of metal profiles suitable for covering large spans without additional use of struts and racks.

You don’t have to worry about working with metal structures being difficult because they are made with high accuracy at industrial enterprises, making it easy for even non-professional developers to mount them. The sole drawback of these components is their heavy weight, which makes it difficult to lift them to the roof and puts more strain on the house’s supporting structure when it’s in use.

Video: Rail system of a gable roof

Please read the previous section of this article for more information on the independent construction of a gable roof.

Roofing Roof system device

The presence of a broken slope that raises the interior height is the only requirement for any type or shape of attic roof. It will be feasible to reduce the ceiling’s inclination in subsequent rooms because of this choice. A roof of any kind, including gable and valmova, will always have a broken rafter contour.

A high-strength structure with a slight decrease in the cross-section of the frame parts is created in the attic roof by connecting the upper and lower beams of the rafters together. Compared to frames with a straight slot, the construction of the supporting system for such a roof is a little more complex, and a larger roof area influences the cost increase. However, the benefit of having a larger living space makes all additional costs worthwhile.

Since the attic is situated directly above the lower belt’s premises, the interference ceiling is installed during one of the work stages in place of the roof screed. Should the project plan be inaccurately determined based on the house’s specifications, the attic space will have a significantly lower height than the remaining areas. In order to prevent this, modern houses are built with attics that have straight roofs rather than ones that are broken. The attic room walls are positioned at an acute angle in this option.

Video: attic roof device

The construction of a holly roof

The hip structure is unique in that it has two triangle-shaped slopes in place of pediments; these slopes are referred to as valves. There are sound-absorbing windows at the summit of the hills. The possibility of independent construction is eliminated by the difficulty of the work and the requirement to adhere to the project’s requirements. Although hiring a professional team will come at an additional cost, you can be confident in the system’s high strength and resistance to weather-related changes.

In this instance, roofing expenses are unavoidable; however, you can construct a roof even more affordably than a gable when you select cost-effective materials like slate or ondulin. The entire building’s perimeter has slopes that are designed to allow for the construction of multiple canopies that will shield the walls from snow and rain. In terms of the attic’s usable space, roofs with a different shape are superior to the hip structure.

There are many different variations of Hulm roofs:

• Half -calm – a design similar to individual elements partially to the gable, partially to the holm;
• Hot roof with a visor and other additional elements.

Installing windows in pre-made slopes with stacked roofing material could cause additional inconvenience during installation. Problems occur even when they are operating, which is not the case with the designs that are fitted into the pediments.

Video: how to put a rafter system of a hip roof

The device of a half -wool roof

The semi-wire roof has a dwarf roof and resembles a gable, as was previously mentioned. The end pediments’ trapezoidal shape and half-wool covering are the design’s externally noticeable elements. It’s possible that the roof will have a window on the pediment, and the half-wools add to the construction’s overall unique design.

One interesting external feature to consider is a half-wool roof where the lower pediment is overlapped by the slope. With this configuration, you can install the auditory window and still bring the remaining pediment to the proper triangular shape. Semi-wire roofs with an interesting appearance are a common sight on private residences.

Features of the equipment of the tent roof

Installing the tent structure, which is a kind of hip roof, is appropriate for homes with square or polygonal shapes. The symmetry of the building’s construction slopes is astounding with skillful installation. Since all of the slopes in this instance—which may consist of three or more—are connected at a single point, there is no need to construct a skate element. In terms of functionality, this type of roof has proven to be a sturdy and dependable design.

Large-scale work is done to calculate the materials and create a project, which can only be implemented by professionals, before the tent roof is put together.

The device of multi -plug -in roofing

The roof of a building with a complex polygonal shape is typically designed with multiple flowing sections. These structures are complex because of their unusual rafter system, but if the project is skillfully planned and executed, it could result in a unique structure.

Several components not found in the designs of other structures serve as representations of the structure of such a roof:

• forceps;
• Endovs in large quantities;
• pediments;
• Missing.

Because of the pitched system, in which the roofing components are positioned beneath the slope to the outer walls, rain and melting water can be readily removed from such a roof with no extra work.

Unlike the pediment, which has a cornice separating it from below, the forpower is the upper wall portion, which is restricted by two roofing ramps. Internal butt angles are represented by endova. Regardless of configuration, the pinch roof is composed of planes, each of whose support point is indicated at the wall’s level. Tongs or pediments are erected to keep them from reaching the end.

It is nearly impossible for inexperienced masters to construct a multi-plot roof because of the precision required in calculating the elements’ cross sections from the system of allocated and hanging rafters and setting the stiffness ribs. This will call for both patience and the ability to perform such tasks.

The device of two gable roofs joined at a right angle will be the simplest to install for a multi-plot design. A cross-shaped figure will appear when you view such a roof from above. Outwardly, such a structure will have an even more unusual design if multiple gable structures are built into one composition on a single building.

Video: fastening of the rafters to the Endov multi -plot roof

The dome roof system

Seldom used, the roof’s conical and domed shape was created when private homes were built. As implied by the name, this type of design is circular in shape, but only certain areas of the room are covered. Thus, the veranda or ornamental towers have a well-constructed dome roof.

A dome roof is constructed with a curved frame; in this instance, a very pliable material, like glassizol, bitumen tiles, roofing material, or flexible, galvanized metal tiles, may be used for the roofing. Such roofs frequently adorn the homes of wealthy old-style enthusiasts.

The main components of the elements of the roof structure

There are multiple phases to the roof construction process, the primary ones being:

• Creating a rafter system;
• arrangement of the crate;
• Installation of fences.

In addition, there are horizontal details (skates, yendovs) and inclined portions (pitched surfaces, ribs). Gutter systems are typically present on the slope’s lower edge. The main and required crate, the rafter system, the tightening, racks, and struts are folded into the all-wood roof frame. The roofing is installed on the prepared roof skeleton.

Coniferous wood is chosen for the rafter system’s device because it needs to be strong and lightweight at the same time. Such a tree has a unique composition that offers more defense against decay.

Mauerlat, a thick beam set over the house’s load-bearing walls on both sides, provides support for the rafters. Mounting components can be wire, studs, or metal bolts. The mount should be of the highest caliber because it connects to the rafter frame later on. Any suitable material, typically roofing material, is used to insulate wooden parts. As a result, the beam will endure better and longer. On its smaller side, the Mauerlat has an average thickness of 15 cm or more.

The house’s roof is put on gradually, and as each component interacts with the others, the foundation for a sturdy frame is formed. The quality of the entire roof arrangement project can be impacted by a small mistake made at any point during the work process.

What you need to know when installing a rafter system

The roof itself is placed on top of the rafters, which serve as the primary support for the crate. The way the rafter system is mounted depends on its configuration; it can be layered or suspended. Think about the key components of each of them.

• used in the presence of supporting walls or partitions in the house;
• They are mounted at a distance from one span of the roof to another within 4-6 m and equipped with additional supports, if the spans are much wider;
• represented by two rafter legs, based on Mauerlat and connecting on the skating beam. Rigels are used as connecting elements;
• are made of material with a cross section of 5 cm or more. The gap from one rafter to another is 1–1.5 m. For additional support under the rafter legs, supports of wood are fixed.

• They are mounted if there are no partitions between the walls, and the span of the roof structure is more than 7 m;
• The attic is indispensable in the construction of the attic, when the installation of partitions under the rafter frame is inappropriate;
• represented in the form of two rafter legs, which are connected by a horizontal tightening, mounted by a vertical resistant and inclined struts;
• do not need additional strengthening due to the support of tightening to the Mauerlat.

Arrangement of crate and laying coating

Chatted from above, the rafter system acts as a sort of substrate for roofing material. Depending on the coating chosen, a continuous or sparse structure can be preferred when selecting the type of crate.

A continuous crate works well when roller roofs, soft coatings, tiles, and other piece materials are used. The spacing between wooden planks is no greater than 10 mm. A two-layer design that has a waterproofing gasket made of isoplast, roofing material, or other roller coatings positioned between them will be more practical. It is guaranteed that the roof will be protected from wind and precipitation infiltration with the right layer equipment.

Under a sheet roof, a rarefied crate is arranged using metal tile, slate, profile, and ondulin. Because of the high load from this material, a beam with a thickness of two to three centimeters must be laid, and there should be a maximum of sixty centimeters between structural elements. To prevent deterioration, special methods must be applied to all wooden components.

Once the label is complete, you can start installing the roofing material. Installing solid heaters is permitted if more insulation of the undercarbon space is needed; extruded polystyrene foam or foam, along with pliable materials like mineral wool, work well. Installing a waterproofing layer and vapor barrier is a requirement for insulation.

Video: Installation of chatting under corrugated board

Any homeowner must be aware of the various types of roofs and how to construct them on their own. Choosing between a gable, hip, or flat roof has advantages and disadvantages of its own. Gable roofs are well-liked for their timeless appearance and simplicity in removing snow and water. Hip roofs are more stable in windy conditions because of their four-sided slopes. Despite having a simpler design, flat roofs need to be properly drained to avoid water accumulation.

Careful planning and preparation are essential before starting a do-it-yourself roofing project. Learn about the building codes in your area and get the required permits first. Sincere evaluation of your level of expertise is advised for difficult jobs like structural analysis or electrical work. Safety must always come first, and appropriate gear and safety measures must be taken.

Materials are important for your roof’s appearance as well as its functionality. Every material, from conventional asphalt shingles to environmentally friendly choices like metal or clay tiles, has distinct qualities in terms of longevity, upkeep, and effect on the environment. Select materials that will ensure longevity and energy efficiency while blending in with the style and climate of your home.

Paying close attention to detail is essential throughout the building process. Your roof’s longevity and performance are guaranteed by installing roofing components like ventilation systems, flashing, and underlayment correctly. In order to stop leaks and structural problems in the future, take the time to fix any potential weak spots, such as valleys and edges.

In conclusion, installing a new roof on your own can be a fulfilling project that raises the functionality and value of your house. You can have a roof that not only safeguards your house but also expresses your unique style with proper planning, adherence to safety regulations, and the right materials. The information and abilities you get from DIY roofing can help you make wise decisions and build a long-lasting investment in your home, whether you’re starting from scratch or replacing an old roof.

Our article "Roof at Home: Varieties, Instructions for Independent Construction" at "All about the roof" seeks to equip homeowners with useful information. We examine various roof types appropriate for residential structures and offer concise, detailed instructions for individuals wishing to take on do-it-yourself roofing tasks. Our guide covers everything from materials and tools needed to safety tips and basic techniques, so you can confidently tackle your roof project and improve your home’s protection and aesthetic appeal. Whether you’re considering a metal roof for its longevity or a shingle roof for its durability, we’ve got you covered.

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Hot roof. Assembly of the ridge farm.