Roofing pie for different types of roofs: device, assignment of layers and styling

For both builders and homeowners, it is essential to comprehend the process of installing and maintaining a roof. Often compared to a "roofing pie," the roofing system is made up of multiple layers that work together to shield buildings from the elements and guarantee longevity. Every layer contributes to the roof’s overall longevity and integrity in a different way.

Fundamentally, the roof’s structural framework—usually composed of rafters or trusses—is where the roofing pie starts. The entire roofing system is supported by this framework, which is vital. A deck or sheathing is installed on top of this base to act as the basis for the layers that follow.

The underlayment, which is the next layer, serves as a barrier to keep the deck and the outer roofing material safe. The underlayment, which is typically composed of felt or synthetic materials, keeps moisture from seeping out of the structure and keeps water from penetrating the roof, preventing mold and decay.

The roofing material itself is the outermost layer that sits on top of the underlayment. Depending on the style of roof and personal taste, this layer can vary greatly. Asphalt shingles, metal panels, clay or concrete tiles, and even green roofing options like living plants are examples of common materials. Regarding longevity, aesthetics, and upkeep needs, each material has unique benefits.

For the roof to function properly and last a long time, these layers must be installed correctly. The procedure entails giving careful thought to elements like local building codes, building structure, and climate. Homeowners and professionals can ensure that roofs continue to offer dependable protection for many years to come by making informed decisions about roof maintenance, repair, and replacement by knowing the parts and functions of each layer in the roofing pie.

The purpose and composition of the roof pie

Roof pie: the rafter frame’s filler. Its primary goals are to shield the residence from precipitation and create a cozy microclimate in residential settings. This is made possible by the roofing pie’s multiple layers and the presence of forming elements, the proper styling of which is dependent on the roof’s functionality—specifically, how the materials are arranged and how the attachment technology is observed.

Since every aspect of construction is interconnected—accuracy, dependability, material selection, etc.—you should keep in mind this crucial guideline: the weight of the roof pie cannot exceed the rafter system’s bearing capacity.

Thus, the first task: it is correct to collect and calculate using standards 2.01.07–85 even during the design phase. Every weight on the surrounding framework, the required insulation thickness, and the strength corresponding to this.

For the most part, every roof has the same roof pie structure. Generally speaking, it consists of the following layers (in reverse order):

• Bearing from the side of the undercarriage;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation laid between the rafters;
• waterproofing laid along the upper edge of the rafter lag;
• Contracuble;
• crate;
• covering material.

Individual components, like a lining carpet beneath a flexible tile, can be added to the pie, depending on the type of roofing. Alternatively, the arrangement of the layers may vary depending on the kind of roof and its intended use. Specifically, when an inversion roof is installed, the insulation is positioned below the waterproofing.

Therefore, each roof has a specific method for installing a roof pie, and the longevity of the entire structure depends only on careful observance of this method. However, just one layer’s location sequence is insufficient. All materials must be of the highest caliber, validated, and adhere to the requirements. And if nearly every element of the pie is more or less obvious, there will likely be issues with the vapor barrier. This is especially true for inexperienced developers who may label the information as inappropriate or reject it outright after hearing "smart" advice from those who consider themselves experts but lack actual construction experience.

There isn’t any multipurpose "steam-waterproofing" to keep dishonest vendors secret. Vapor-permeable membranes or films and vapor-permeable waterproofing are two distinct materials, the misuse of which can have very regrettable results.

Regarding adherence to the techniques for installing and fastening the roof pie’s components, all of this can be said because the steps are outlined in the manufacturer’s instructions specific to each material. All you have to do is adhere to these guidelines and not go against them.

Video: laying insulating layers of a roof pie

Modern technologies have made it possible to arrange a high-quality roof in a variety of ways today. Think about the most well-liked.

Cold roof pie

If the undercarbon space is uninsulated and is seldom used, the roof is deemed cold. Sometimes the attic is purposefully kept cold, with a wine cellar, product storage, gym, workshop, or bedroom set up that will be highly sought after on hot days.

Apart from attic roofs, there are chilly, uninviting structures, terraces, central building entrance, gazebos, greenhouses, and more.

The slope of the roof determines the device and cake composition for the cold roof. The roofing pie is equipped on slopes and on the lower overlap for pitched roofs.

When viewed from the interior, the layer sequence on the slopes will be as follows:

• waterproofing material mounted on rafters;
• counter -attacks that fix waterproofing and provide ventilation gap;
• crate;
• Roofing.

From the interior to the subcutaneous layer on the floor slabs:

• ceiling upholstery;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation.

The division between the upper and lower overlap is the only change to the layer placement scheme for mild attic roofs. One thing to note is that, with the exception of buildings where the base beneath the roofing flooring is made of wooden beams resting on walls and runs, waterproofing is not applied to the upper base or part of the roof pie.

It makes perfect sense to leave water protection out of the roof pie composition for these kinds of configurations. Soft roof is a great sealant in and of itself, and is most commonly used on flat roofs. In order to further prevent leaks, roofing material is also laid on a solid foundation made of profiled sheets or concrete plates. This is followed by a detachment of expanded clay or perlite and a leveling cement screed.

The best kinds of roofs are those with cold attics. They offer good natural air circulation, which roofing aerators can increase as necessary. It makes sense that Rus has long constructed such roofs. The entire roofing pie in them was made up of bulls (rafters) and tears (modern crates), which were layered on top of the warm black and red material. Cold roofs have a long lifespan of hundreds of years, which keeps the whole roof structure intact.

Video: Cold attic roof pie

Soft tile pies Shinglas

In private homes and office buildings, cold roofs with wooden rafter systems and premium soft coating "Shinglass" are common features. The simplicity of operation, maintenance, and installation define this design. The roofing cake’s ingredients are as follows:

• wooden sparse crate from a beam of the required diameter, most often 40×40 mm;
• continuous flooring of OSB plates or waterproof plywood 10-12 mm thick, providing a hard base necessary for soft material;
• lining carpet;
• Flexible tiles.

This design is very basic, as you can see. Even one person can operate the device and save money for hiring contractors at the same time.

Video: Laying soft tiles "Shinglass"

"Knowing the basic layers and their role in structure and function is crucial to comprehending the roofing pie for various roof types. Every design, whether it be for a modern flat roof or a traditional pitched roof, requires a different strategy to guarantee weather protection, durability, and insulation. This article provides a thorough guide to improving longevity and performance across a variety of roofing styles by examining the construction of these layers, their specific roles in preserving a roof’s integrity, and the various installation techniques used.

The cake of the insulated roof

In contrast to cold roofs, all of the parts of an insulated structure’s roof pie are integrated into a whole system with the essential ventilation gaps and only because of the material alternation. The following is where the layers of a warm roof pie are located:

• internal cladding of the attic;
• counter -attacks fixing the vapor barrier;
• vapor barrier material laid along the lower edge of the rafters;
• thermal insulation laid between rafter legs;
• anti -condensate film (waterproofing), laid along the upper edge of the rafters;
• Contact and crate;
• covering material.

Sequencing the joints of all roofing materials in difficult-to-reach areas—such as yendovs, chimneys and ventilation passages, attic windows, and areas next to walls—is essential when installing a warm roof. A leaky roof can lead to the growth of mold and fungus, wet the insulation, rot the rafter system, lose heat through the roof, and, as a result, require a significant amount of energy resources.

Types of a roof pie relative to roof design

Examine the characteristics of the pie using a pitched and flat roof as an example.

Pies of the pitched roof

There are basic pitched and damaged attic buildings with living quarters above them. The roof cake structure is taken into consideration for simple pitched roofs.

Video: the correct roofing roof pie

Features of the device of warm broken roofs

Broken warm roofs are of particular interest; however, typical material layering and global changes in the composition of the roof pie have not. The only things that differ are the placement of the vapor barrier and insulation, which are placed horizontally on the support beams that connect the opposing rafters in a cold structure and on slopes to the break location.

This design creates a cold triangle between the crossbars and the skate, which allows for adequate attic ventilation—a prerequisite for setting up a warm roof with a living subcutaneous space.

From top to bottom, the roofing pie of the damaged roof is constructed as follows:

• covering material;
• wooden sparse crate or metal profiles;
• counterbrus;
• waterproofing laid along the upper faces of the rafters from the cornice overhang to the roof skate;
• insulation laid standardly between the rafter legs to the place of the break, and then along the crossbars;
• vapor barrier material located similarly to insulation;
• Brinding the attic.

The practice of leaving wooden rafters exposed in attics has become popular recently, which has caused variations in the placement of roof pie layers in pitched buildings. The order is the same, but when calculating the loads on the rafter system, keep in mind that all materials, beginning with the skin, are laid along the upper edge of the rafters.

Video: Roofing Pies of the attic roof

Fake roof

The folding roof is a metal structure with transverse and longitudinal folds connecting the panels, or paintings. In this instance, the grooves created act as a drainage system. A docking made of aluminum, steel, copper, and titanium-cinkes not only looks great on the roof of the house but also forms a waterproof flooring that dependable protects the rafter system and the roofing pie.

How the roofing pie for the folding coating is made up:

• internal sheathing;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation layer;
• raising the beam;
• waterproofing;
• The counter and crate, sparse or solid;
• Klyammers for fixing paintings to the crate;
• Falts panels.

The pie beneath the fold has an additional feature that allows for the removal of condensate from a metal roof: a raising beam, typically measuring 50 by 50 mm and containing a cross section of the upper face of the rafters, is added to the pie to provide additional ventures between the waterproofing and insulation. In a crate that is filled with a continuous flooring made of wood, wood-based slabs, or moisture-resistant plywood for homes with mild roof pitches and small slopes.

Since folding roofs are noisy, just like any metallic ones, the following materials are needed when laying a roof pie:

• accurately calculate the step of the crate relative to the length of the paintings;
• use branded fasteners for rigid fixation of the material and vibration protection seals;
• observe the geometry – the counterpart and the crate should be packed in one plane, since even the slightest skew will cause noise and vibration.

Video: installation of a folding roof

Pie of flat roofs

Because building a flat roof requires fewer resources in terms of money, materials, and labor, its popularity is growing. Additionally, a flat roof can withstand even a hurricane wind thanks to this configuration, which makes it very effective in areas with frequent and strong winds.

The flat roof pie’s base and usage style determine its structure.

Unexplosive flat roof

The layers of the roof pie are arranged in the following order based on profiled sheets:

• steel galvanized base (profiled sheets);
• vapor barrier material;
• insulation;
• Finish coating.

The roof pie is built upon slabs of reinforced concrete and is composed of:

• floor slabs;
• layer of expanded clay for ramps;
• leveling cement-sand screed;
• primer;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation layers;
• covering material.

Operated flat roof

You are free to move around and use the operated roof however you see fit. This plan arranges playgrounds, swimming pools, winter gardens, recreation areas, and even parking lots. It goes without saying that the functioning roof requires a sturdy foundation that can support heavy loads and proper installation of all insulating materials.

Typical roofing layer placement technology:

• durable railway base;
• additional strengthening concrete screed;
• waterproofing membrane;
• drainage (ballast) layer of expanded clay or other bulk material with a thickness of at least 50 mm;
• insulation, most often foam or extruded polystyrene foam 30-120 mm thick;
• geotextiles;
• leveling sand-cement pillow (instead of it you can use plastic holders);
• paving slabs or strong terrace coating.

The insulation sandwiched between the waterproofing and the geotextile is dependable shielded from moisture, and the waterproofing itself is well concealed and unbreakable.

Green roof

Because of their intense development, modern cities have a disastrous shortage of green space. To make up for this disadvantage, private homeowners plant tidy lawns and flower beds, vibrant flower beds, and entire squares on the roofs of green areas.

When designing a home, the construction of a green roof ought to be considered.

The only variation in the roofing cake composition for the "live" roof is the addition of two to three layers of geotextiles. This prevents weeds from penetrating the base and prevents it from being destroyed. The layers are arranged as follows:

• concrete base;
• expanded expanded clay;
• cement-sand screed;
• bitumen primer;
• double waterproofing;
• acupuncture geotextiles;
• insulation;
• thermaced geotextiles;
• a drainage layer of gravel, gravel or a profiled membrane;
• Another layer of thermaced geotextile so that the soil does not wash off water;
• layer of earth and plants.

A green roof is a genuine haven of health. However, in order to avoid excessive repair costs, you must carefully follow installation technology and utilize sturdy materials when arranging it.

Roofing pie for slate

Slate has many benefits, but it’s not often used to arrange distinct flat structures. A transparent slate is an exception, with a roofing pie made up of just the covering material and crate.

Owing to its low price, wavy slate is more frequently used:

• to cover the old flat roof without dismantling the previous coating, simply stuffing a crate on it;
• when arranging cold attic structures, where the suction roof is supported by a system of support beams or boards resting on external walls and runs;
• to cover flat areas as part of a complex roof – out of aesthetic motives, so as not to violate the harmony and exterior of the house.

The composition of the roofing pie for the most recent incident is as follows:

• strong base;
• vapor barrier;
• the main and additional layer of insulation;
• the second layer of vapor barrier;
• crate to provide ventilation;
• third layer of insulation;
• the second layer of the crate for the formation of a ventilation clearance with a height of at least 3 cm;
• roofing material as waterproofing;
• slate.

Roofing pie under the soft roof

These days, developers are highly interested in soft roofs because of their absolute tightness and wide range of materials that can be used to create a roof that is aesthetically pleasing, dependable, and long-lasting in any configuration.

Three categories of soft roofs can be identified based on the texture, shape, color, and makeup of the upper layer:

1. Piece – flexible (bitumen) tiles, characterized by excellent soundproofing indicators, tightness, resistance to negative atmospheric influences and ease of laying.
2. Membrane or roll roofs – TPO, PVC and EPDM coatings based on Pergamine, Tolya and roofing material with different additives, which give roofing material resistance to burnout, wear and sharp changes in temperature. In addition, the roll roof is elastic, durable, has high tightness, as well as a stylish and beautiful appearance.
3. Burning (mastic)-waterproofing multilayer carpet, consisting of polymer, bitumen and polymer-bitumen mastics and emulsions.

It is impossible to declare whether a given material is superior to another. They simply differ from one another. Since every species has advantages and disadvantages of its own, you should make your decision based on common sense and personal preferences.

Piece tiles, for instance, are perfect for pitched roofs that are easily observed. Materials that are rolled are ubiquitous. Their new generation looks like falcons, equipped with special technology designed for laying on pitched roofs. They do, however, work well with flat roofs. And bulk, which naturally belongs to sloped roofs. A soft roof is also very popular since it successfully strikes a balance between cost and quality.

The specifics of the device of the roof pie under the soft roof

Compared to hard structures, the roofing pie is more intricate for soft coatings. It is designed for every kind of soft flooring, accounting for all the factors influencing the roof’s operational characteristics.

Certain kinds of soft finish roofing cakes are made of wood, so they should not be installed next to smoke-breeding channels.

Standard 41.01.2003 governs speaking norms. It suggests covering pipes with a galmine or laminated metal apron and filling any gaps with non-combustible mineral wool material.

Furthermore, in order to account for linear expansion during warm periods, sheets of plywood or chips are placed with a chess with a chess run, leaving a 3 mm space between them. Additionally, the boards should be inserted into a wooden crate by the bulge of the annual rings up. If the board leads, it will bend and fill in the empty space rather than pressing against the roof.

Typical roofing pie layers include the following:

• Ceiling hemding;
• vapor barrier film – designed to protect the remaining components of the pie from moisture saturation due to the penetration of steam from residential premises and condensate formation;
• Contact and crate;
• insulation material, the main role of which is to create a sound -absorbing barrier and prevent heat loss through the roof;
• a diffuse layer (waterproofing) – protects the subcutaneous space from atmospheric precipitation;
• ventilated space;
• Soft finished flooring, which performs protective and decorative functions – gives the roof structure the appearance that the owner of the house wants to see it: elegant, solid, elaborate or playful.

Video: The adjacent of the membrane to the pipe

Installation of a roof pie under a soft roof

Using the example of a cold, well-insulated soft roof, consider the installation of a roofing pie beneath a soft coating.

Installation of a cold structure

The cold roof’s roofing pie is simple, making installation quick and simple.

1. Stuff a rarefied crate on the rafters.
2. On top, a continuous flooring of chipboard or plywood is fixed on top, withstanding the joints and compensating the gap.
3. A lining carpet is rolled along the cornice overhangs towards the ridge, fixing it with self -tapping screws or roofing nails with an interval of 20 cm. When laying the carpet, overflowering – transverse 15 cm, and horizontal 10 cm.
4. Hermetize all seams.
5. Install cornice and end strips and mount elements of the drainage system.
6. Mix bitumen horses to ensure the uniformity of color throughout the roof, and lay the tile, starting from the cornice overhang in the direction of the ridge ridge.

Only the trouble spots on pitched cold roofs may have lining carpet installed. The lining carpet is laid out completely on flat structures.

Installation of insulated soft roof

The addition of heat and vapor barrier makes the warm soft roof pie more complicated, but it also doesn’t pose any installation challenges because the layers’ locations stay the same.

The warm roof cake will be laid according to the following plan.

1. In the ends of the house, a flush with rafters is nailed a supporting bar that fixes the edges of the crate.
2. From the inside of the attic (starting from the cornice), vapor barrier is laid along the lower edge of the rafter legs. The canvases are fixed together with tape, and fixed to the rafters with a stapler. Contractions with a step, proportionate facing material are stuffed on top of vapor barrier.
3. On the outer side of the roof between the rafters, the spacers necessary for rigid fixation in the cells of the slab insulation are installed. Step for spacers is chosen 2-3 cm less than the thickness of the plates.
4. The insulation is laid in the resulting honeycombs and a ventilation gap is formed – the heat insulation plates should be below the upper edge of the rafters by 3-5 cm. With the help of the counter, ventilation purges are arranged.
5. A solid flooring is attached to the rafter beams and on top along the yends, rolm, overhangs, ribs and skates spread the lining carpet.
6. On pediment and cornice overhangs mount protective planks.
7. Put bitumen horses, having previously mixed them well.

Video: Subtleties and nuances of laying the lining carpet

Roof Type	Description
Flat Roof	Typically consists of layers like insulation, membrane, and sometimes a green roof system.
Pitched Roof	Constructed with layers including rafters, sheathing, underlayment, and shingles or tiles on top.

No matter what kind of roof you have, maintaining its longevity and efficacy requires an understanding of the roofing pie. Every layer is essential to keeping your house structurally sound and shielding it from the elements.

The decking creates the foundation for everything else, starting at the bottom. It supports the weight of the other layers and offers a strong base for the roof structure.

The underlayment serves as a secondary barrier against moisture above the decking. Its main purpose, whether it’s made of synthetic material or felt paper, is to protect the decking from any water that might seep through the roof’s outer layers.

The next layer acts as the roof’s visible protective layer and is frequently made of tiles, metal panels, or asphalt shingles. This outermost layer protects your house from the elements and improves its aesthetic appeal while keeping out rain, snow, UV rays, and other elements.

When each layer is installed correctly, your roof will perform at its best and keep your house dry and safe all year long. Your roof’s lifespan can be increased with prompt repairs and routine maintenance, providing peace of mind and safeguarding your home’s investment.

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