With your own hands: drawings, calculations, photos, videos

Greetings and welcome to "All about the Roof," your one-stop shop for all things roofing! This post is your starting point for learning about blueprints, calculations, and useful advice for roofing projects, whether you’re a do-it-yourselfer or a homeowner trying to learn more about your roofing system.

Understanding the structure that protects your home and making sure it stays strong and functional are more important aspects of roofing than just keeping the weather out. Understanding how to read and make roof drawings can help you plan and carry out your projects more successfully, from simple sketches to intricate blueprints.

In roofing projects, calculations are essential for figuring out everything from material quantities to load-bearing capacities. We provide clear explanations of the necessary computations so you can make educated decisions and make sure your roof complies with safety regulations.

Visual aids are very helpful when doing do-it-yourself roofing. We’ve compiled a library of images and videos that offer detailed instructions on how to perform common roofing tasks such as installations, repairs, and maintenance. Whether you’re installing a skylight or replacing shingles, our visual aids will clearly walk you through each step of the process.

Knowledge, in our opinion at "All about the Roof," is essential for roofing projects to be successful. Our extensive resources are here to help you every step of the way, whether your goal is to improve your comprehension of roof construction or to find useful advice for maintaining your roof.

Drawings	Learn how to create detailed sketches of roofing structures.
Calculations	Understand the math behind roof measurements and material estimates.
Photos	View visual examples of different roof types and designs.
Videos	Watch tutorials on roofing techniques and maintenance.

Completing a roof on your own requires a combination of practicality, accuracy, and inventiveness. Using step-by-step instructions and supporting images and instructional videos, "All about the Roof" walks you through the entire process, from preliminary sketches to intricate calculations. Our extensive resources enable you to design and build a roof that not only satisfies structural requirements but also expresses your unique style, regardless of your level of experience with do-it-yourself projects. As you set out on this fulfilling journey of craftsmanship, experiment with different techniques, pick up knowledge from visual aids, and build confidence."

What is a broken roof

The broken roof’s shape gave rise to its name. It features a pentagonal projection of the building’s pediment, rather than a triangular one like in traditional scatter plots, and a lot of lines with fragments. Many developers purposefully choose it for aesthetic reasons because a house with a broken roof appears sturdy and good-looking. With the addition of early elements and even contrasting colors for the main facade and roof decoration, you can create a truly amazing piece of architecture.

However, it works well most of the time when the attic’s intended size cannot be accommodated by the typical pitched roof, which leaves the attic too low for a comfortable stay. The slope’s fracture has resulted in a broken design that drastically minimizes the "dead zones," or areas that are not suitable for habitat.

By the way, not every living room arrangement chooses a roof with a break in it. It could be "cold" rooms, such as a gym for athletes or a wine cellar for winemakers.

You can set up a closet or dressing room for household necessities in the attic, complete with a variety of cabinets and shelves.

For damaged roofs, there are numerous options:

1. Single -shoe – the simplest design, which can be easily made independently.
2. Gable – make it possible to equip a large attic room.
3. Three -sided – long -known in Rus" and popular today.
4. Four -sloping – complex in construction, but beautiful externally and light, thanks to the features of the design. This allows you to equip a large attic, without loading the foundation unnecessary. Therefore, four -sloping broken roofs are very in demand in private housing construction.
5. Holm, tents broken, forceps, combined, etc. D.

That is, almost everywhere you look, there’s a roof kink that lets you add more space to the attic. The builders believe that anything that can be sketched can be constructed. That being said, it is crucial to estimate the amount beforehand to avoid discovering later on that "I blinded it from what was."

The specificity of the structure of the broken roof

The construction of a broken roof differs from the construction of a typical pitched roof due to the presence of a unique rafter system from very impressive elements. But you shouldn’t be terrified of it. Installation of the fracture roofs is not as difficult as it may seem at first. You can certainly complete them on your own.

The primary benefit of the broken roofs is that the majority of the rafter systems are installed in accordance with the modular scheme, even with the supports’ remarkable values. A lot of parts gather on the floor and are prepared for raising upstairs. Heavy construction equipment won’t be required as a result. Where there are fractures, rafters and racks are cut beneath a specific slope. The special compounds are used to fix the entire rafter system.

Six meters is the ideal structure width for arranging a damaged roof. It is best to use alternative technologies when the spans are wider because the rafters of the damaged roof can no longer support the increased load. The beams and amplifier ceiling will be based on a generation of beams with a 90×140 mm cross section if the house’s width is less.

The luna, which should ideally be made of wood to avoid adding weight to the structure, or the bearing walls serve as the foundation for the broken roof. It is not desirable to use products made of reinforced concrete and metal. The board ought to have a cross section of at least 50 mm and a thickness of up to 18% when treated with olifa. Coniferous woods are used more frequently to make puzzle roofs.

Roofs with breaks are characterized by the way the slope breaks into two sections, called upper and lower sections, each of which is positioned at a specific angle. The upper sections are typically 15–30 °, while the lower parts are 60–70 °. Brackets are used to assemble a broken design. The kind and size of the roof determines how many and where to install them. Although they are required to be inherent in the primary types, the structural elements also rely on this:

• Mauerlat from a beam with a section of 90×140 or 140×140 mm;
• beams for strengthening the ceiling and undergrowth (50×150 mm);
• floor of the attic;
• racks for highlighting the attic room;
• wall and ceiling lining;
• The board is not cut (20–22 mm) for fastening thermal insulation and crate;
• Chat with step through the board and rafters for slopes of the roof (40×100 mm);
• the main covering material, heat, hydro- and vapor barrier;
• Rigels 15–16 pieces (40×100 mm), roof hobby and racks to it.

The intended roof design, which has a fracture in its final form, is composed of: includes:

• finishing material, drywall, steam, heat and waterproofing layer;
• Chatter, counterparts and roofing flooring.

The calculation of the broken roof

The computation is done with consideration for the roof’s primary coating type and the rafters’ sloping angles. It is easy to determine how much covering material is required for a broken roof:

• measure the length and width of the slopes, change, get the area of ​​each slope;
• Summarize the overtime areas and the result is divided into roofing area (sheets of metal tiles, ondulin, etc.) + 10-15% for overlap and stock.

Insulating materials also undergo calculations.

You must create a house plan and view maps of the local wind and snow loads before calculating the rafter system. Anyone with a basic understanding of construction and familiarity with Archicad or SolidWorks can create a project in these programs that represents the roof of his house, with each element having a specific weight and size. which you can use to quickly estimate the cost and learn how much it will cost to arrange the chosen roof.

Video: Root roof system, design in Archicad and SolidWorks

We sketch a sketch of the house on a checkered leaf, highlighting the characteristics of the broken roof’s rafter system, such as its shape, wall width, slope angles, etc. D. Use the drawing from the picture as an illustration.

Starting information: the width of the wall (inD) 6.4 m, which is, for example, built in Tyumen; the height of the box (2.3 m) according to the sketch; the distance (3.5 m) from the floor to the roof skate; the angles (A 60 ° between the overlap and the slope and B 30 ° at the place of fracture of the slopes); the desired height (nm) 2.5 m; and the removal of the floor beams over the walls (inV) No, it will take 0.6 meters for the rafters to step.

The location of the construction and the amount of snowfall in a particular area are shown on the map. Furthermore, they place greater value on construction that occurs along a region’s border. The snow load (Tyumen) in our example is 180 kg/m^.

Since the type of terrain and the height of the future structure are significant factors in this case, we calculate the wind power value using the wind load map and multiply the result by the correction factor (k) from the table below. The wind load for Tyumen in our example is 24 kg/m2, K 0.65 (column "B"). We obtain 24 x 0.65 = 15.6 kg/m^ in total.

Table: coefficient (k) for types of terrain

Structure height, m	A Open coasts of lakes, seas, reservoirs, steppes, deserts, forest straps, tundra	B Forests, urban territories and other areas evenly covered with obstacles, more than 10 m high	IN urban areas with dense buildings with buildings, more than 25 m high
no more than 5	0.75	0.5	0.4
5–10	1.0	0.65	0.4
10–20	1.25	0.85	0.55

Take the meaning of column "a" if the house is built in a city but is close to the sea.

The house in our example, which is constructed in a cottage village outside of the city line (Tyumen) and has a height of more than five meters, satisfies the definition of the "B" column.

Video: broken roof with an attic, part 1 – calculated scheme, load, RSU

1. We calculate the dependence of the width of the attic on the steepness of the attic slope (angle _A) according to the laws of geometry – in_m = In_D – M: TQ _A)> = 6.4 – = 3.51 m. The calculation was made without the removal of the beams when the rafters rest on Mauerlat. With the removal of the beams of the overlap, let"s say, 0.5 m, the width of the attic will increase to 4.01 m. Hence the conclusion – the greater the removal of the overlapse beams, the wider the attic room can be made.
2. We calculate the total height of the roof: n_m + N_To (the height of the ridge triangle), where n_To = 0.5 x in_m x tq _b = 2.5 m + (0.5 x 3.51 x tq 30 °) = 2.5 m + 1.01 m = 3.51 m.
3. We calculate the length of the rafter legs: for calculating the lower rafter legs n_m : sin angle _A = 2.5: sin 60 ° = 2.89 m length of the rafter leg; To calculate the skating rafter n_To : sin angle _b = 1.01: sin 30 ° = 2.02 m. If the structure is formed with the transmission beams, t. e. The overhang of the roof is formed due to the removal, then the calculation legs are completed on this. If there are no beams, then lengthening of the rafters will be required, then you need to conduct an additional calculation.
4. We calculate the lengthening of the rafters – the working length of the mare – on the planned size of the cornice overhang according to the formula – the desired length of the cornice overhang (k): COS angle _A = 0.5 m, for example: COS 60 ° = 1 m.
5. We recognize the slope of the slopes and the load on the rafters, focusing on the table “Recommended slopes of the pitched roofs”, located below.
6. We calculate the load on the rafters. To do this, we will use the initial and calculation data. The load due to the slope of the slope (for example, the metal roof) + snow load, according to the map of snow loads + wind load (defined on the map with adjustment for the coefficient). Total: 5 kg/m² + 180 kg/m² + 15.6 kg/m² = 200.6 kg/m² x the set step of the installation of the rafters (we have 0.6 m) ≈ 110 kg/linear meter.

Table: Recommended slopes of the pitched roofs

Covering material of the roof	The slope of the roof	Mass for 1 m², kg
Metal tile	from 1: 5 or more	5
Cement tile	from 1: 5 to 1: 0.5	45–70
Ceramic tiles	from 1: 5 to 1: 0.5	50-60
Galvanized tin with single folds	from 1: 4 or more	3-6.5
With double folds	from 1: 5 or more	3-6.5
Soft (flexible) tile	from 1: 10 or more	9–15
The wavy sheets are cellulose-bitumen	from 1: 10 or more	6
Wavy sheets of a/c medium profile	from 1: 10 to 1: 2	eleven
Reinforced profile	from 1: 5 to 1: 1	13

By selecting the appropriate section of the rafter lumber, you can determine the load.

Table: The relationship of the load and thickness of the beam for the rafter system

Stress on the rafter leg, kg/linear meter	The thickness of the board (timber), mm
75	40
100	50
125	60
150	80
175	100

Note: We round up the most when selecting a load.

Video: broken roof with an attic, part 2 – calculation in SCAD, selection of sections of roofing elements

When buying lumber, you need to consider the ventilation gap, the vapor-permeable layer of the roofing "pie" (which is 20–30 mm), and the insulation.

The broken roof calculation is a lengthy but straightforward process. It can be completed manually by you or with the help of the SCAD calculated program. On building sites, where you must enter the necessary data to obtain the completed calculation, you can also utilize the rafter system’s online calculator.

Video: broken roof with an attic, part 3 – constructive and layout

Projects of houses with different types of broken roofs

Because of their constructive qualities, the damaged roofs have different looks:

• with a support of the lower rafters on Mauerlat;
• with removal of the lower part of the layered rafters outside the wall;
• using only layered rafters.

The floors are installed in the first iteration of the beam so that they do not just barely touch the lower floor walls. The lower portion of the slopes is made up of layered rafters that are fastened to the building’s walls with Mauerlat. The attic’s frame is composed of vertical components called racks. The components of the roof are obtained in the shape of triangles along the walls joined by contractions. Additionally, the upper portions of the hanging rafters’ slopes that are reliant on tightening are already fastened to them.

The second option allows for an increase in attic space by removing the lower edges of the rafters outside the house. Furthermore, as was already mentioned, more removal makes more room beneath the roof. In this instance, the beams that Mauerlat is holding serve as the support for the rafters rather than Mauerlat itself. The strut rafters are held up. The depth of the racks in the ceiling is limited to one-third of its thickness.

The third version has no hanging rafters. Puffs provide support for the layers that make up the upper slopes.

Roof design without vertical elements

Other variations of the broken roof exist as well; one is particularly intriguing since it lacks vertical racks and has rafters that are all the same length. From the outside, the roof has an octagonal shape. The underbuilding’s ceiling will resemble a four-sided vault.

The main function of this kind of device is to strengthen the rafters’ bearing capacity, for which two metal plates with a 3 mm thickness on each side are fastened at each break location. Crossbars are also added to the upper portion of the structure to further relieve the load from the flat area of the damaged roof. This solution allows the room to be greatly expanded by strengthening the rafters, redistributing the load of the load-bearing elements, and removing the racks.

Broken roof with attic

There are many homes with attics because they are:

• an attractive silhouette of the roof, and with it the whole house;
• an increase in the beneficial area through the rational use of the available;
• quick construction and small costs.

Particularly strange are the attic houses with broken roofs, where one slope has a break and the other is straight. When the project calls for the pediment to be asymmetrical and the attic room needs to be moved to one or both walls, this kind of architecture is employed. Such a home appears elegant from the outside. It is simple to install solar panels, HVAC systems, and other technology equipment on an uneven roof.

Blomed roof with your own hands: step -by -step instructions

All wooden components are impregnated against rotting and treated with antiseptics and anti-pirens prior to the roof being installed. To secure the rafters to the Mauerlat, stock up on the primary roofing material, insulation, and metal fasteners.

1. Make a crate from a profiled thick timber, which will form the basis of the rafter system. For this, the Mauerlat with the ceiling is hard. For soft roofs you need a continuous crate. For hard, as a metal -tank or slate, a crate is collected with a step of 0.2-0.5 m.
2. The planned attic is separated by racks, the racks are connected with shared runs, and beams are laid on top, which will be puffs (binding parts) for hanging rafters.
3. Install layered rafters, checking the planes of steep slopes, and then hanging. Attention must be paid to the correctness of the layout of the nodes in the places of bending.
4. Surge up, if required, layered rafters with struts, and the upper puff, so that it does not sag, is suspended with a grandmother.
5. They adjust the facade components of the structures (window and doorways, if windows and balcony are planned).

Naturally, there are other technological methods for planning a broken roof. D. There are numerous options, and the selection is based on a variety of factors, including the material chosen, the design, the kind of roof, the installation work’s conditions, etc.

Video: broken attic rafter system

Installing the rafter system independently

Installing a broken roof is convenient because it makes it possible to gather numerous structural components on Earth, as was previously mentioned.

1. The first 2 farms are made, lifted on the roof, installed at the edges and fixed with connecting bars.
2. Stretch between them a cord, which will serve as a level for the installation of rafter legs in one plane.
3. Install all the farms in terms of level and fix well, giving the designs the necessary stiffness with the help of crossbars, which will further be the basis of the ceiling of the attic room. As a result of the work, this design will be obtained.

All of the rafter system’s components must be aligned along a stretched cord by a skilled roofer. The roof will "walk" even at the lowest deviation, which is between 0.5 and 1 cm, for example. And that’s not acceptable, particularly when it comes to the layout of a house beneath a roof.

Video: Simple advice – how to install rafter legs smoothly and in one plane

Boarding a broken roof

The configuration of cornices (overhangs), attic insulation, and pediment lining are considered aspects of roof decoration. These pieces fall into the secondary category, but they are still very significant. Cornice arrangement: better defense against dust, debris, and moisture seeping into the subcutaneous space of the house. The lower rafters extend 50–60 cm outside the building to form cornices. This is the smallest overhang size that can be expanded if preferred.

Roofing overhangs are boxed, shortened, and filed or not filed. The best choice is heated overhangs, which greatly improve roof functionality and give the house a finished appearance. For hemding, any material will do—a board, a lining, metal, plastic, or sponge. It all comes down to the owners’ preferences and the house’s architecture.

Protecting the front of the roof is advised in addition to cornices because, in damaged structures, the pediment serves important purposes such as maintaining and supporting the attic’s temperature regime. It must therefore be not only sturdy but also well-insulated and appealing. In the event that the pediment’s full glazing is not included in the project, it is typically sheathed in the same material that faces the entire house. If the house is made of brick or frame, use a tree that has been threaded. The most common design of the broken roof can be elegantly defeated by the pediment’s skillful design.

Warming of a broken roof

The damaged roof needs to have adequate thermal insulation because of the characteristics of its design. Only the overlap keeps the attic sufficiently isolated from the main house if it stays "cold." Regarding the housing-planned space (the attic), all of the walls, ceilings, pediments, and slopes are already insulated.

Mineral basalt wool layered in layers is the most common type of heat insulator for attics. It has a low moisture absorption rate, excellent steam transfer capabilities, strong fire resistance, and a low cost.

Polystyrene foam is a better option if the insulation plan uses a polymer structure; it is equally as effective as basalt cotton wool. Despite the higher steamability coefficient of mineral wool, the steam is distributed through the joints and irregularities of the insulation rather than accumulating in the foam. Extruded polystyrene foam is noteworthy because it can endure for many years without losing its qualities. And, of course, sawdust, whose key benefits are its affordability, environmental friendliness, and superior thermal insulation qualities.

It is not acceptable to have spaces between the rafters when insulating materials are positioned as tightly as possible.

Video: how to warm the roof of the attic

The design of the damaged attic roof suggests the use of a single vapor barrier, insulation, and waterproofing system. To allow moisture to be removed from the insulation, all layers are laid in a specific order with required ventilation gaps. As a result, the sub-seal space will not become overly saturated with water vapor, allowing the roof to freely "breathe."

The entire building is covered in drywall from the inside in order to complete the attic space.

Video: insulation of the broken roof of the attic

The flooring of roofing material

One of the last phases of roofing is roof shelter, which is completed in accordance with the following plan:

1. Outside the frame of the broken roof on top of the waterproofer, the counter is stuffed.
2. Then make a crate with a step, according to the chosen flooring.
3. Lay the roofing according to the rules for the installation of the material used, but in any case adhering to the main one – the flooring is made from the bottom of the roof up.

It is crucial to select the appropriate covering material at this point. Here, we go back to the maps of wind and snow loads and examine the site’s location as well as the loads that will be applied to the roof.

It is not advisable to use light roofing materials in this area if there are strong winds and a lot of snowfall, as there is a chance of disruption. Additionally, avoid using rolled materials in climate zones where summers are hot.

The slate and metal tiles are the most popular types of roofing coatings.

With your own hands

The front portion of the wall between the roof’s slopes is called the pediment. The arrangement of the rafter system and the tastes of the home’s owners determine its shape. The pediment is typically furnished with multiple plots and houses with damaged roofs. Less frequently, there are homes with single-sided roofs and log houses where the pediment is already carved into the structure.

You are able to sew a pediment by hand. Specialized knowledge and skills are not required for this. The pediments were covered in wood, corrugated board, PVC panels, and vinyl siding.

Siding is a more widely used facing material, and when working with it, they employ various casing technologies, such as those on rafter systems, crates, or aluminum frames that are already equipped. Siding on a crate is the simplest option to install.

1. On the entire area of ​​the pediment, they make a crate with a step of 35 cm. Use wooden bars of the same thickness, fastening them with self -tapping screws or building nails.
2. The starting bar is horizontally fixed, screwing it with self -tapping screws to each component of the crate.
3. Mount siding according to the “spike-paz” connection method, t. e. Siding groove snaps into the strap of the starting strip. It is important that the latcation passes along the entire length, otherwise there will be a skew.
4. The upper edges of each subsequent strip are fixed with self -tapping screws to nearby bars.
5. The ends of the finishing elements are cut at an angle equal to the slope of the roof. This method fills the entire area of ​​the pediment to the very top.

Video: DIY siding siding

Nothing complicated, as you can see, as long as you follow the installation guidelines and characteristics that come with any covering material.

Investigating the nuances of roof building can be rewarding and challenging at the same time. This article has offered a thorough guide that covers everything from comprehending the fundamentals of roof design to digging into the calculations that guarantee structural integrity. Our goal was to empower both do-it-yourselfers and future builders with our collection of intricate drawings, accurate calculations, and educational images and videos.

We have emphasized the significance of meticulous planning and precise measurements throughout this journey. These basic steps are essential whether you’re starting a new construction project or fixing an old roof. Our library of visual aids, which includes annotations on photos and step-by-step videos, is a priceless tool for helping you with every stage of the procedure.

Furthermore, this article stressed how important safety is. Exercise caution and follow best practices when handling construction materials and working at heights. We wanted to make sure that your do-it-yourself project is not only successful but safe and pleasurable as well, so we incorporated safety advice into our talks on drawings and computations.

To sum up, developing the craft of roof construction requires a combination of theoretical understanding and real-world expertise. Gaining knowledge from this article and using our visual aids will put you in a confident position to take on roofing projects. We hope this resource has given you the motivation and direction you need to succeed, whether you’re starting your first build or honing your skills.